利益平衡视角下电商数据抓取行为的法律规制研究

A Study on the Legal Regulation of E-Commerce Data Scraping Behavior from the Perspective of Interest Balancing

摘要: 随着电商平台数据价值的凸显，国内数据保护与数据流通之间的冲突加剧，并由此衍生出电商数据抓取不正当竞争行为。现行法律规制忽视数据的流通利用价值，存在着法律规范体系不完备、认定标准和阻却判断标准模糊等问题，亟需引入利益平衡理论重构规制路径。利益平衡理论指引下的电商数据抓取规制，需在寻求开放数据使用、利用和分享和保护数据权益之间的平衡的基础上明晰电商数据抓取的本质特征，在反不正当竞争法中增设电商数据抓取滥用条款，并于司法实践中明晰阻却电商数据抓取违法性的判断标准，构建统一的裁判标准。这样有助于为平台企业数据合规实践提供清晰指引，也能更好地维护电商市场竞争秩序。

Abstract: As the value of data on e-commerce platforms becomes increasingly evident, conflicts between data protection and data circulation have intensified in China, giving rise to unfair competition behaviors involving the scraping of e-commerce data. Current legal regulations overlook the value of data circulation and utilization, and suffer from issues such as an incomplete legal framework, unclear standards for determination, and ambiguous criteria for exemption judgments. It is urgently necessary to introduce the theory of interest balancing to reconstruct the regulatory framework. Under the guidance of the theory of interest balancing, the regulation of e-commerce data scraping should clarify the essential characteristics of such activities while seeking a balance between the open use, utilization, and sharing of data and the protection of data rights. This should be achieved by introducing provisions addressing the abuse of e-commerce data scraping into the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and establishing clear criteria for determining the legality of such activities in judicial practice, thereby establishing a unified standard for adjudication. This would provide clear guidance for platform companies’ data compliance practices and better maintain the competitive order of the e-commerce market.