论海洋塑料垃圾治理的法律规制困境与破解路径

On the Legal Regulatory Dilemmas and Solutions in the Governance of Marine Plastic Waste

摘要: 海洋是地球生态系统关键部分，现遭塑料垃圾严重污染，每年数百万吨塑料垃圾入海，我国沿海地区尤为突出。海洋塑料垃圾威胁海洋生物生存繁衍与生态平衡，经食物链危及人类健康。在此严峻形势下，法律规制成为治理海洋塑料垃圾核心手段，能提供制度支撑与行为准则，明确部门职责、约束企业行为、引导公众参与。深入研究海洋塑料垃圾治理法律规制困境及破解路径意义重大，有助于恢复海洋生态、保障资源可持续利用、推动海洋经济绿色转型。

Abstract: The ocean is a critical component of Earth’s ecosystem, yet it is now severely polluted by plastic waste, with millions of tons entering the sea annually—a problem particularly acute in China’s coastal regions. Marine plastic debris threatens the survival and reproduction of marine life, disrupts ecological balance, and ultimately endangers human health through the food chain. In light of this pressing challenge, legal regulation has emerged as a central tool for addressing marine plastic pollution, providing institutional support and behavioral guidelines, clarifying governmental responsibilities, regulating corporate conduct, and encouraging public participation. A thorough investigation into the legal and regulatory challenges of marine plastic waste governance, along with potential solutions, is of paramount importance. Such research can contribute to restoring marine ecosystems, ensuring sustainable resource utilization, and facilitating a green transition in the ocean economy.