论地理标志证明商标侵权认定要素——以“景德镇制”证明商标为例

On the Elements of Determining Infringement of Geographical Indication Certification Trademarks—Taking the “Jingdezhen System” Certification Trademark as an Example

摘要: 近年景德镇地理标志证明商标侵权问题增多，严重损害了景德镇陶瓷的名誉，本研究对地理标志证明商标侵权认定要素进行分析，为实践中商标侵权认定提供建议。分析当前人民法院关于地理标志证明商标侵权认定的判决书并结合其他地区关于地理标志商标保护办法进行探讨。实践中对地理标志证明商标的权利界限不明，侵权认定过程中考量的因素不完善，对侵权认定中的待证事实不明确。地理标志证明商标侵权认定要清楚界定该类商标的权利界限，充分理解其所保护法益的本质，注意商标使用权人在产地范围外生产产品、品种外使用商标和通过使用地名发挥地理标志证明商标功能的侵权行为，根据侵权主体和侵权方式明确各方需举证证明的法律事实，更加准确地界定地理标志证明商标侵权行为。

Abstract: In recent years, the infringement of geographical indication certification trademarks in Jingdezhen has increased, which has seriously damaged the reputation of Jingdezhen ceramics. This paper analyzes the current judgments of the people’s courts on the determination of infringement of geographical indication certification trademarks, and discusses them in combination with the measures for the protection of geographical indication trademarks in other regions. In judicial practice, the boundaries of the rights of GI certification trademarks are unclear, the factors considered in the process of determining infringement are not perfect, and the facts to be proved in the determination of infringement are not clear. In determining the infringement of a GI certification trademark, it is necessary to clearly define the boundaries of the rights of such trademarks, fully understand the essence of the legal interests protected by them, pay attention to the infringement of the trademark user who produces products and varieties outside the scope of the production area and uses the geographical indication to prove the trademark function, and clarify the legal facts that all parties need to prove according to the subject of infringement and the method of infringement, so as to more accurately define the infringement of the GI certification trademark.