提示工程视角下GAI促进大学生批判性思维能力的影响机制研究

Research on the Influence Mechanism of GAI Promoting Critical Thinking Skills of College Students from the Perspective of Prompt Engineering

摘要: 随着生成式人工智能(GAI)在高等教育中的快速普及和深度应用，其对大学生批判性思维能力的影响引发广泛关注。本研究立足提示工程视角，通过对50位不同专业、年级本科生的半结构化访谈，结合MAXQDA2022软件进行数据分析，系统揭示了GAI交互对大学生批判性思维能力的影响机制。研究发现，提示设计的动态演进、过程调节的深度赋能及元认知能力的迭代构成了影响大学生批判性思维能力的关键路径，揭示了提示工程如何将GAI从工具转化为批判性思维发展的有效载体。研究在理论上丰富了GAI与批判性思维关系的研究维度，拓展了提示工程在教育场景的理论内涵；在实践中为高校利用GAI培养批判性思维提供了现实路径。未来可进一步探索提示工程在多场景中的应用，为智能化时代大学生认知能力发展提供有效支撑。

Abstract: With the rapid popularization and in-depth application of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in higher education, its impact on college students’ critical thinking ability has attracted widespread attention. Based on the perspective of prompt engineering, this study systematically reveals the influence mechanism of GAI interaction on college students’ critical thinking ability through semi-structured interviews with 50 undergraduates of different majors and grades, combined with data analysis by MAXQDA2022 software. The study finds that the dynamic evolution of prompt design, the deep empowerment of process modulation, and the iteration of metacognitive ability constitute the key paths that affect college students’ critical thinking ability, revealing how prompt engineering can transform GAI from a tool to an effective carrier for critical thinking development. Theoretically, this study enriches the research dimension of the relationship between GAI and critical thinking, and expands the theoretical connotation of prompt engineering in the educational scene. In practice, it provides a realistic way for colleges and universities to use GAI to cultivate critical thinking. In the future, the application of prompt engineering in multiple scenarios can be further explored to provide effective support for the cognitive development of college students in the intelligent era.