基于挤出的建筑3D打印技术及ECC材料研究综述
A Review of 3D Printing Technology for Construction Based on Extrusion and ECC Materials
DOI: 10.12677/hjce.2025.148231, PDF,   
作者: 汪海威：西京学院土木工程学院，陕西 西安
关键词: 建筑3D打印；挤出成型；混凝土；ECC；可打印性；Architectural 3D Printing； Extrusion Molding； Concrete； ECC； Printability
摘要: 建筑3D打印技术作为智能建造的核心支撑，以“分层叠加”原理为基础，在提升施工效率、减少资源消耗及控制碳排放方面优势显著，已成为建筑业转型升级的重要路径。本文综述了该技术的发展背景、应用现状及研究进展，重点分析了基于挤出的混凝土3D打印技术与3D打印ECC的关键成果。3D打印混凝土技术已在住宅、桥梁等工程中应用，其核心是通过材料配合比与工艺参数优化，满足可泵性、可建造性等性能要求，同时需关注构件的力学各向异性。3D打印ECC的研究则表明，PE纤维因性能优势更适配打印工艺，可制备兼具可打印性与高延性的材料。当前该技术仍面临标准缺失、材料性能局限等挑战，未来需通过技术创新与协同发展推动规模化应用，为建筑业发展提供动力。
Abstract: 3D printing technology for construction, as a core support of intelligent construction, based on the principle of “layer-by-layer stacking”, has significant advantages in improving construction efficiency, reducing resource consumption, and controlling carbon emissions, making it an important path for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. This paper reviews the development background, current applications, and research progress of this technology, with a focus on key achievements in extrusion-based concrete 3D printing and 3D printing of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC). The 3D printing of concrete technology has been applied in residential buildings and bridges, where the core is to optimize material mix ratios and process parameters to meet performance requirements such as pumpability and constructability, while also paying attention to the mechanical anisotropy of components. Research on 3D printing of ECC indicates that PE fibers, due to their performance advantages, are more suitable for printing processes, allowing the preparation of materials that combine printability with high ductility. Currently, this technology still faces challenges such as lack of standards and limitations in material performance. In the future, through technological innovation and coordinated development, large-scale application needs to be promoted to provide impetus for the development of the construction industry.
文章引用：汪海威. 基于挤出的建筑3D打印技术及ECC材料研究综述[J]. 土木工程, 2025, 14(8): 2135-2148. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjce.2025.148231

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