不同营养素水平与儿童生长发育相关性的研究进展

Research Advances in the Association between Different Nutrient Levels and Child Growth and Development

摘要: 儿童生长发育作为儿童健康发展的基石，是一个连续、动态且高度复杂的生理过程，涉及体格生长、神经认知、心理行为等多维度的协同发展。这一过程不仅受遗传因素的调控，还与营养状况、环境暴露、社会心理因素等密切相关。近年来，大量循证医学证据表明，通过定期监测儿童关键营养素水平，早期识别潜在缺乏或失衡并及时干预，对优化生长发育轨迹、降低相关疾病的风险具有重要意义。基于此，本综述系统梳理了不同营养素的生理功能及其与儿童生长发育的关联性，整合国内相关研究进展，深入探讨营养素在儿童生长调控中的作用机制，以期为临床实践和公共卫生策略提供科学依据，助力儿童生长发育障碍的精准预防和个体化干预。为提升综述的科学严谨性与可重复性，特增设方法学部分：文献检索涵盖中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据等中文数据库，检索关键词包括“儿童生长发育”、“维生素D”、“钙”、“锌”、“铁”、“硒”、“营养素”等，同时结合主题词进行检索；检索时间跨度为2016年1月至2025年6月；纳入标准为探讨儿童(0~18岁)上述营养元素水平与生长发育关联的原创性研究、综述类文献，且研究设计科学、数据完整；排除标准包括重复发表文献、动物实验、研究对象为特殊疾病患儿的文献及质量较低的会议摘要等，以此减少选择偏倚，确保纳入文献的可靠性。

Abstract: Child growth and development, as the cornerstone of children’s health, is a continuous, dynamic, and highly complex physiological process involving the coordinated progression of multiple dimensions, including physical growth, neurocognition, and psychological behavior. This process is not only regulated by genetic factors but also closely associated with nutritional status, environmental exposures, and psychosocial influences. In recent years, extensive evidence-based medical research has demonstrated that regular monitoring of key nutrient levels in children, along with early identification and timely intervention for potential deficiencies or imbalances, plays a crucial role in optimizing growth trajectories and reducing the risk of related diseases. Based on this, this review systematically examines the physiological functions of various nutrients and their associations with child growth and development. By integrating domestic research advancements, it delves into the mechanisms by which nutrients regulate growth, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for clinical practice and public health strategies, thereby facilitating precise prevention and personalized intervention for growth and developmental disorders in children. To enhance the scientific rigor and reproducibility of the review, a methodology section is specifically added: Literature retrieval covers Chinese databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data. The search keywords include “children’s growth and development”, “vitamin D”, “calcium”, “zinc”, “iron”, “selenium”, “nutrients”, etc., with simultaneous retrieval combining subject terms. The time span of the retrieval is from January 2016 to June 2025. The inclusion criteria are original studies and review articles that explore the association between the above nutrient levels and growth and development in children (0~18 years old), with scientific research design and complete data. The exclusion criteria include duplicate publications, animal experiments, articles with research subjects being children with special diseases, and low-quality conference abstracts, etc., so as to reduce selection bias and ensure the reliability of the included literature.