近五年西方外语效应相关文献的系统性综述
A Systematic Review of Western Literatures Related to Foreign Language Effect in the Past Five Years
DOI: 10.12677/ml.2025.138929, PDF,   
作者: 张洪艳：西南科技大学外国语学院，四川 绵阳
关键词: 外语效应；表现形式；影响因素；作用机制；Foreign Language Effect； Manifestations； Influencing Factors； Working Mechanisms
摘要: 外语的使用会影响人们的判断和推理，这种现象被称为“外语效应”。本文基于27项实证研究文献，对近五年来国外有关外语效应的研究进行了系统性回顾，对外语效应的表现形式、影响因素和作用机制这三个方面进行了梳理。最终得出以下结果：1) 外语效应研究所采用的实验材料和场景不再局限于风险判断和道德困境，而逐渐使用生活中可能发生的一些场景去测试被试的反应，如商业谈判、学术诚信、新闻真假判断等方面。2) 母语和外语的外语水平、外语习得年龄、外语相似性、文化背景差异以及实验材料类型都是可能影响外语效应稳定性的关键因素。3) 有关外语效应的作用机制，分成了情感机制和认知机制两种理论解释，支持情感机制的研究多用“情绪减少假说”和心理距离这两个概念来做进一步解释，而外语效应中主张认知机制的研究认为外语的使用会使认识负荷增加，并使用双加工理论和建构水平理论来具体解释。
Abstract: The use of foreign languages can affect people’s judgment and reasoning, this phenomenon is known as the “foreign language effect”. This article systematically reviews the research on foreign language effect in the past five years based on 27 empirical research literature, and summarizes the manifestations, influencing factors, and working mechanisms of foreign language effect. The final results are as follows: 1) The experimental materials and scenarios used by the researches of foreign language effects are no longer limited to risk assessment and moral dilemmas, but are gradually using real-life scenarios to test participants’ reactions, such as business negotiations, academic integrity, and news credibility. 2) The foreign language proficiency of mother tongue and foreign language, age of foreign language acquisition, foreign language similarity, cultural background differences, and type of experimental materials are all key factors that may modulate the stability of foreign language effect. 3) Regarding the mechanism of the foreign language effect, there are two theoretical explanations: the affective mechanism and the cognitive mechanism. Studies supporting the affective mechanism often use the concepts of “emotional reduction hypothesis” and psychological distance for further explanation, while studies advocating the cognitive mechanism in the foreign language effect believe that the use of a foreign language increases cognitive load, and use the dual-process theory and constructivism theory to explain it specifically.
文章引用：张洪艳. 近五年西方外语效应相关文献的系统性综述[J]. 现代语言学, 2025, 13(8): 1029-1038. https://doi.org/10.12677/ml.2025.138929

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