“眼看”话语标记的功能特征及其形成机制

The Functional Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of “Eye-Watching” Discourse Markers

摘要: “眼看”在现代汉语中被高频使用，具有典型的话语标记特征。本文以语义语法为理论指导，从共时和历时两个层面考察和分析“眼看”的形成、功能特征和语义特征，可以发现，“眼看”基于隐喻、类推、语境浸染的内部机制以及从认知、社会、功能等外部动因逐渐词汇化并标记化，最终形成话语标记。其功能特征包括语音的可标记性、句法位置的灵活性、语义的非真值条件性、语用的衔接性；语义特征包括短时义、主观评价义和不如意义。

Abstract: “Eye-Watching” is frequently used in modern Chinese and has typical discourse marker characteristics. Guided by the theory of semantic grammar, this paper examines and analyzes the formation, functional and semantic features of “Eye-Watching” from synchronic and diachronic levels. It can be found that “Eye-Watching” is based on the internal mechanism of metaphor, analogy and context immersion, and gradually lexicalized and marked from external motivations such as cognition, society and function, and finally forms discourse markers. Its functional features include the markedness of pronunciation, the flexibility of syntactic position, the non-truth conditionality of semantics, and the cohesion of pragmatics. The semantic features include short-term meaning, subjective evaluation meaning and inferior meaning.