双碳目标下执法与司法协同困境的法治因应

Legal Responses to the Coordination Dilemma between Law Enforcement and Judiciary under the Dual Carbon Goals

摘要: 在碳达峰碳中和目标约束下，我国现行环境法治体系面临执法司法协同的系统性失灵：在执行层面，执法权配置失衡表现为部门职责交叉与跨领域协调机制缺位，典型如能源、环保立法缺乏碳排放统合条款；同时政策法律化滞后导致司法监管依据不足。基于社会系统论分析，执法与司法系统的运作封闭性阻碍了风险规制协同，引发三重矛盾：其一是行政执法碎片化削弱减排效能，其二是政策转化断层引发规范冲突，其三是司法预防功能缺位加剧气候风险。因此，需要制定综合性的气候变化应对法以及涵盖完全的单行法，为行政执法提供依据，发挥司法能动性控制气候变化风险。

Abstract: Under the dual carbon targets of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, China’s current environmental legal system is confronted with systemic failures in law enforcement and judicial coordination. At the implementation level, the imbalanced allocation of enforcement authority manifests as overlapping departmental responsibilities and a lack of cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms, exemplified by the absence of unified carbon emission provisions in energy and environmental legislation. Meanwhile, the delayed legalization of policies results in insufficient judicial oversight. Based on the analysis of social systems theory, the operational closure of law enforcement and judicial systems has hindered the collaboration in risk regulation, giving rise to threefold contradictions: First, the fragmentation of administrative law enforcement weakens the effectiveness of emission reduction; second, the fault lines in policy transformation trigger conflicts between norms; third, the absence of the preventive function of justice exacerbates climate risks. Consequently, it is imperative to enact a comprehensive Climate Change Response Law and fully developed subsidiary legislation to provide a legal basis for administrative enforcement and leverage judicial activism in mitigating climate change risks.