植物细胞壁结构与果胶代谢调控机制研究进展
Research Progress on Plant Cell Wall Structure and Regulatory Mechanism of Pectin Metabolism
摘要: 植物细胞壁是由纤维素、半纤维素和果胶等组分构成的动态网络。其中,果胶作为细胞间层的关键成分,通过甲酯化修饰调控细胞壁的机械特性和生理功能。在这篇综述中,重点剖析了果胶代谢的调控网络,特别是果胶甲酯酶(pectin methylesterase, PME)的分子特性与生物学功能。PME通过三种不同的作用模式动态调节果胶的去甲酯化过程,进而影响钙桥形成和细胞壁刚性的改变。PME活性受到pH值、离子浓度以及果胶甲酯酶抑制因子(pectin methylesterase inhibitor, PMEI)的精细调控,其功能具有组织特异性,在重金属螯合和病原防御等胁迫响应中也发挥重要作用。PMEI与PME通过1:1的特异性结合实现对酶活性的调控,其表达受激素信号和转录因子调控,是植物抗病中的关键一环。
Abstract: The plant cell wall constitutes a dynamic and complex network comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and other components. Among these, pectin serves as a critical component of the intercellular layer, modulating the mechanical properties and physiological functions of the cell wall via methylation modification. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the regulatory network underlying pectin metabolism, with particular emphasis on the molecular characteristics and biological functions of pectin methylesterase (PME). PME dynamically regulates the demethylation of pectin through three distinct modes of action, thereby influencing calcium bridge formation and alterations in cell wall rigidity. The activity of PME is finely controlled by factors such as pH levels, ion concentrations, and pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI). Its function exhibits tissue-specificity and plays a pivotal role in stress responses, including heavy metal chelation and pathogen defense mechanisms. PMEI and PME regulate enzyme activity through specific 1:1 binding interactions. Their expression is governed by hormonal signals and transcription factors, representing a key regulatory link in plant disease resistance.
文章引用:陈宇轩. 植物细胞壁结构与果胶代谢调控机制研究进展[J]. 世界生态学, 2025, 14(3): 285-297. https://doi.org/10.12677/ije.2025.143034

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