从生活现象到化学本质的高中化学情境教学——以“苯酚的结构与性质”为例

Contextual Teaching of Chemistry in High School from the Phenomenon of Life to the Essence of Chemistry —Taking “Structure and Properties of Phenol” as an Example

摘要: 苯酚作为高中化学的重要知识点，其结构与性质的教学常因抽象性导致学生理解困难。本文基于情境教学理论，以“苯酚的结构与性质”为例，设计生活化、问题驱动的教学情境如生活中的多酚物质，挖掘讨论多酚物质的褐变现象，通过实验探究、数字化模拟等手段，帮助学生构建“结构–性质–应用”的认知模型。研究结合课堂实践，验证情境教学在突破酚羟基酸性、苯环活化机制等重难点上的有效性，酚类物质与生产生活、科学研究密切相关，并探讨对学生在宏观辨识与微观探析、证据推理与模型认知、科学探究与创新意识、科学态度与社会责任等化学学科核心素养的培养作用，也为有机化学教学提供可借鉴的案例。

Abstract: As an important knowledge point of high school chemistry, the structure and properties of phenol are often difficult for students to understand due to abstraction. Based on the theory of contextual teaching, this paper takes “Structure and Properties of Phenol” as an example, designs life-oriented and problem-driven teaching situations such as polyphenols in life, excavates and discusses the browning phenomenon of polyphenols, and helps students construct a cognitive model of “structure-properties-application” through experimental exploration and digital simulation. Combined with classroom practice, this study verifies the effectiveness of situational teaching in breaking through the major difficulties such as phenolic hydroxyl acidity and benzene ring activation mechanism, phenolic substances are closely related to production, life and scientific research, and discusses the cultivation of students’ core literacy in chemistry such as macro identification and micro analysis, evidence reasoning and model cognition, scientific inquiry and innovation awareness, scientific attitude and social responsibility, etc., and also provides reference cases for organic chemistry teaching.