青少年自闭特质与友谊质量的关系：社会交往焦虑的中介作用

The Relationship between Autistic Traits and Friendship Quality among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety

摘要: 青少年的友谊质量发展水平与其自身性格特质息息相关，研究表明性格中的“宜人性”和“外向性”显著预测友谊质量的积极维度，然而高自闭特质青少年由于社交能力受限难以进行深度自我暴露，进而影响友谊质量。有研究发现自闭特质对社交焦虑有较高的预测作用，而社交焦虑作为性格中较稳定的特质，与友谊质量之间存在相互影响关系。本研究采用问卷调查法，使用简版青少年自闭特质自评问卷、友谊质量量表和社会交往焦虑量表对某中学394名中学生开展调查研究，数据分析结果表明自闭特质与友谊质量呈显著负相关，社交焦虑在二者之间起中介作用。本研究探讨了青少年自闭特质与友谊质量之间的关系，以及社交焦虑在其中的中介作用。研究结果为理解高自闭特质青少年的社交困境提供了实证依据，也为自闭症患者的学校融合适应研究提供了实践指导，具有理论和现实意义。

Abstract: The development level of friendship quality in adolescents is closely related to their personality traits. Research has shown that agreeableness and extraversion in personality significantly predict positive dimensions of friendship quality. However, adolescents with high autistic traits, limited by their social skills, struggle to engage in deep self-disclosure, which in turn affects their friendship quality. Studies have found that autistic traits have a high predictive effect on social anxiety, which, as a relatively stable personality trait, has a reciprocal relationship with friendship quality. This study employed a questionnaire survey method, using the Brief Adolescent Autistic Trait Self-Report Questionnaire, the Friendship Quality Scale, and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale to investigate 394 middle school students from a certain school. The results of data analysis indicate a significant negative correlation between autistic traits and friendship quality, with social anxiety mediating this relationship. This study explores the relationship between autistic traits and friendship quality in adolescents, as well as the mediating role of social anxiety. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the social challenges faced by adolescents with high autistic traits and offer practical guidance for the school adaptation of individuals with autism, highlighting both theoretical and practical significance.