旋流槽几何参数对喷嘴雾化性能的影响

Influence of Swirl Chamber Geometric Parameters on Nozzle Atomization Performance

摘要: 旋流喷嘴的雾化性能高度依赖于内部旋流槽的几何设计。本文基于VOF多相流模型，构建了旋流喷嘴的三维数值模型，通过对比六组不同结构组合的工况，系统模拟并分析了雾化角、液膜厚度及旋流强度的变化规律。结果表明，槽宽是影响雾化性能的关键参数，增大槽宽能够显著扩大喷雾角度并减小液膜厚度，槽厚主要起辅助调节作用，其效应在旋涡充分发展时尤为显著。此外，三项性能参数之间存在紧密的耦合关联，旋流强度的增强通常伴随着雾化角的增大与液膜厚度的减小，呈现出协同变化的趋势。研究结果可为旋流喷嘴的结构优化提供理论依据，同时证实了VOF模型适用于不依赖颗粒追踪的液相雾化行为分析。

Abstract: The atomization performance of a swirl nozzle is highly dependent on the geometric design of its internal swirl grooves. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of a swirl nozzle was developed based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model. By comparing six different structural configurations, the variations in spray cone angle, liquid film thickness, and swirl intensity were systematically simulated and analyzed. The results show that the groove width is a key parameter influencing atomization performance; increasing the groove width significantly enlarges the spray angle and reduces the liquid film thickness. Groove thickness primarily serves as an auxiliary tuning factor, with its effect becoming more pronounced when the vortex is fully developed. Moreover, a strong coupling relationship was observed among the three performance indicators: enhanced swirl intensity is generally accompanied by an increased spray angle and decreased liquid film thickness, indicating a synergistic variation trend. The findings offer a theoretical foundation for the structural optimization of swirl nozzles and validate the use of the VOF model in analyzing liquid-phase atomization processes without dependence on particle-tracking methods.