国际中文教育视角下反义词“明”与“暗”的不对称性研究

Research on the Asymmetry of the Antonyms “Bright” and “Dark” from the Perspective of International Chinese Education

摘要: 反义词的不对称现象成为国际学生习得汉语词汇的难点之一。本研究基于《现代汉语词典》《汉语教与学词典》《现代汉语频率词典》三部词典，以“明”“暗”这一对常见反义词为例，系统考察其在词汇层面和句法层面上的不对称现象。文中从词汇发展不平衡性、语义场制约和文化认知语用三个角度分析“明”“暗”不对称现象产生的原因，结合学习者习得过程中产生的偏误案例，提出相关教学策略建议，以服务于国际中文反义词教学。

Abstract: The asymmetry of antonyms has become one of the difficulties for international students to acquire Chinese vocabulary. This study is based on the three dictionaries of Modern Chinese Dictionary, Chinese Teaching and Learning Dictionary, and Modern Chinese Frequency Dictionary. Taking the common antonyms of “bright” and “dark” as examples, it systematically examines their asymmetry at the lexical and syntactic levels. The article analyzes the reasons for the asymmetry of “bright” and “dark” from the three perspectives of imbalance in vocabulary development, semantic field constraints and cultural cognitive pragmatics. In combination with the bias cases generated by learners’ learning process, relevant teaching strategies are put forward to serve the teaching of international Chinese antonyms.