行政法视域下人脸识别技术的法律规制困境与路径优化

The Legal Regulation Dilemma and Path Optimization of Facial Recognition Technology from the Perspective of Administrative Law

摘要: 本研究旨在探讨行政法视角下人脸识别技术应用的规制困境与优化路径。通过文献分析与案例研究，系统梳理了人脸识别技术在隐私保护、人格尊严及财产权益等方面引发的侵权风险，揭示了当前行政法在信息保护范围界定、监管体系构建及救济机制完善等方面存在的不足。研究发现，现有法律体系对技术应用的特殊性考量不足，存在权益性质模糊、监管权责交叉、惩戒力度薄弱等问题。基于此，提出构建事前预防体系、健全事中监督机制及完善事后惩戒引导的三维治理框架。研究结果表明，通过明确法律边界、建立分级监管制度、强化行政问责及推动行业自律，可有效平衡技术创新与权利保障。本研究为完善人脸识别技术行政监管提供了理论支撑与实践方案，对促进数字经济时代个人信息保护与公共安全协同发展具有现实意义。

Abstract: This study explores the regulatory challenges posed by facial recognition technology applications through the lens of administrative law, examining risks to privacy, human dignity, and property rights. Research findings identify significant gaps in legal definitions, fragmented supervisory structures, and insufficient penalty mechanisms within current frameworks. The proposed solution establishes a comprehensive governance model featuring preventive protocols, hierarchical oversight mechanisms, and reinforced accountability measures to reconcile technological advancement with fundamental rights protection. This work develops practical policy recommendations for aligning facial recognition deployment with evolving digital legal standards, delivering actionable insights for lawmakers and regulatory bodies, achieved through identification of legislative deficiencies in existing facial recognition regulations, establishment of context-specific standards for governmental and commercial implementations, and construction of an integrated governance framework combining state administration, industry self-regulation, and judicial oversight. The methodology synthesizes doctrinal legal analysis with empirical case studies, generating findings that contribute to international discourse on digital governance while addressing ethical considerations in emerging biometric technologies.