盲盒电商“支付即合同成立”条款的合法性研究

Research on the Legality of “Payment as Contract Formation” Clause in Blind Box E-Commerce

摘要: 盲盒经济的快速发展伴随新型消费纠纷，其中“支付即合同成立”条款的法律效力引发学界争议。本研究基于我国《电子商务法》《民法典》及《消费者权益保护法》相关规定，对盲盒电商交易中格式条款效力、电子合同成立时间认定及消费者退款权边界进行系统性分析。本文认为，该条款的合法性需经程序正当性与内容公平性双重审查，其效力认定存在格式条款订入规则与内容控制的冲突；电子合同成立时间在《民法典》与《电子商务法》间存在规则竞合，电商平台经营者适用“提交订单成功时合同成立”的强制性规定，非电商主体可约定但需保障合意真实性；盲盒商品随机性不构成排除法定退款权的绝对理由，需区分主观风险与经营者客观违约行为。建议通过细化射幸合同规则、强化经营者信息披露义务及完善支付确认程序，构建经营者效率与消费者权益的平衡机制。未来立法应重点关注新兴消费模式的特殊性，建立分级分类监管体系，以实现商业模式创新与消费者保护的动态平衡。

Abstract: The rapid development of the blind box economy has been accompanied by new consumer disputes, with the legal validity of the “payment as contract formation” clause sparking academic debates. This study systematically analyzes the effectiveness of standard terms in blind box e-commerce transactions, determination of electronic contract formation time, and boundaries of consumers’ refund rights based on China’s E-Commerce Law, Civil Code, and Consumer Rights Protection Law. The paper argues that the clause’s legality requires dual review of procedural propriety and content fairness, as its validity recognition conflicts with rules governing standard term incorporation and content control. There exists a regulatory overlap between the Civil Code and E-Commerce Law regarding electronic contract formation time. While e-commerce platforms may apply mandatory provisions like “contract formation upon successful order submission”, non-e-commerce entities can agree to such terms provided they ensure genuine mutual consent. The randomness of blind box products does not automatically negate statutory refund rights, requiring differentiation between subjective risks and operators’ objective breaches. Recommendations include refining speculative contract rules, strengthening operators’ disclosure obligations, and improving payment confirmation procedures to establish a balance between operator efficiency and consumer rights. Future legislation should prioritize addressing the uniqueness of emerging consumption models through tiered regulatory frameworks, achieving dynamic equilibrium between business innovation and consumer protection.