我国人间布鲁氏菌病的流行特征及诊断进展

Progress in the Diagnosis of Brucellosis and Its Epidemic Characteristics in China

摘要: 布鲁氏菌病是世界范围流行的人畜共患病，其致病菌为布鲁氏菌(Brucella)，革兰氏阴性胞内寄生菌，可侵入宿主并持续存在，感染动物主要表现为流产、不孕症。人类通过直接接触患病动物或食用动物产品而感染，感染后临床表现多样，急性期若治疗不及时常转为慢性，慢性布鲁氏菌病容易合并多器官并发症，其中以骨关节系统并发症最为常见。布鲁氏菌病严重影响全球人类健康及畜牧业发展。尽管目前已经进行了多方面的努力，但布鲁氏菌病在全球范围内仍呈高发势头，新发病例数居高不下。布鲁氏菌病临床表现不特异且缺乏精准的实验室诊断，因此容易漏诊、误诊，给疾病的后续治疗和防控带来了极大的挑战。本文旨在阐述我国人间布鲁氏菌病的流行特征，总结诊断进展，为布鲁氏菌病的诊治及防控提供新的思路。

Abstract: Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by brucella which is gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria. Brucella can invade the animal whose main manifestations are abortion and infertility. People can be infected by contacting with the infected animals or eating the contaminated animal products. The clinical manifestations of humans are varied. The disease will tend to be chronic if it is not be treated in time, which seriously affects the health of global human and the development of livestock husbandry. Chronic brucellosis often has the multiple organ complications, especially the osteoarticular system. Due to the unspecific clinical manifestations and the lack of accurate laboratory diagnosis, it is easy to be missed and misdiagnosed. Up till now, the treatment and control of brucellosis still face challenges. This paper aims to analyse the epidemic status of brucellosis. At the same time summarize the progress of diagnosis, which can provides a new idea for brucellosis.