两个柏拉图之争——施特劳斯与波普尔关于历史主义的竞争性阐释

The Dispute between the Two Platonists—Strauss and Popper’s Competitive Interpretation of Historicism

摘要: 在政治思想史上列奥·施特劳斯和卡尔·波普尔是论敌，二人对柏拉图有着完全不同的评价，但他们却有一个共同的理论对手那就是历史主义。本文通过梳理两位思想家对历史主义的批判以便更好地理解他们的思想，同时试图说明他们发生根本分歧的原因在于对自然权利的不同理解。在这个过程中，对柏拉图的态度贯穿着两人对历史主义的批判进程，同时也是我们把握古今言说方式区别的核心要素。

Abstract: In the history of political thought, Leo Strauss and Karl Popper were rivals. They had completely different evaluations of Plato, but they shared a common theoretical opponent, which was historicism. This article aims to better understand the thoughts of the two thinkers by sorting out their critiques of historicism, and at the same time attempts to explain that the fundamental reason for their differences lies in their different understandings of natural right. In this process, the attitude towards Plato runs through the critical process of the two towards historicism, and it is also the core element for us to grasp the differences in the way of expression between ancients and moderns.