唾液生物标志物与牙菌斑形成的关联性研究及临床应用前景探讨

Study on the Relationship between Salivary Biomarkers and Dental Plaque Formation, and Discussion on Clinical Application Prospects

摘要: 牙菌斑的形成与龋齿和牙周病的发生密切相关。研究表明，唾液中的激素、酶类和免疫球蛋白等生物标志物，可能在牙菌斑形成过程中起到关键作用。学者们研究并分析了唾液中的生物标志物及其成分、流速和pH值等因素对牙菌斑发生的影响。唾液中生物标志物含量和种类能够体现口腔的微生态状态，细菌DNA、炎症性介质因子等与牙菌斑有关系。唾液代谢物的变化、溶菌酶和乳铁蛋白通过与细菌的相互作用导致了菌斑的形成。唾液矿物质参与形成牙结石的矿化过程，pH、乳酸等影响矿化和菌斑的生长。这些研究提示了唾液成分在口腔健康保健中的潜在可能性。本文综述了唾液生物标志物与口腔菌斑形成之间的关系及其在口腔疾病诊治中应用的潜能，以期为口腔健康水平管理提供新思路。

Abstract: The formation of dental plaque is closely related to the occurrence of dental caries and periodontal disease. Studies have shown that salivary biomarkers, including hormones, enzymes, and immunoglobulins, may play a key role in the process of plaque formation. Researchers have investigated and analyzed the effects of salivary biomarkers and factors such as their composition, flow rate, and pH on plaque development. The concentration and types of biomarkers in saliva can reflect the oral microecological state, with bacterial DNA and inflammatory mediators being associated with plaque formation. Changes in salivary metabolites, along with lysozyme and lactoferrin, contribute to plaque formation through their interactions with bacteria. Salivary minerals are involved in the mineralization process that leads to the formation of calculus, while factors like pH and lactic acid affect both mineralization and plaque growth. These studies suggest the potential significance of salivary components in oral health management. This article reviews the relationship between salivary biomarkers and oral plaque formation, as well as their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, aiming to provide new insights for managing oral health levels.