基于STM32的三角视差测量与演示装置设计

Design of a Triangular Parallax Measurement and Demonstration Device Based on STM32

摘要: 针对当前天文科普教育领域缺乏展示天文观测原理的互动性、自动化的互动装置问题，本文以三角测距方法为基础设计了一种基于STM32的互动式视差测量演示装置。该装置以电机、舵机和摄像头组成测距云台模块；并通过RS485通信和CRC-16/MODBUS校验实现对编码电机的精准控制，且利用YOLO V5进行实时目标检测。测距数据与角度信息通过STM32与PC端交互，并在Unity 3D上开发的UI人机交互页面中实时虚拟仿真模拟及标注辅助测量线，直观模拟三角视差现象。实验表明，该装置具备高自动化、强互动性和可视化优势，可有效提升天文科普教学效果。

Abstract: In response to the current lack of interactive and automated demonstration devices for showcasing astronomical observation principles in science education, this paper designs an STM32-based interactive parallax measurement demonstration device based on the triangulation method. The device consists of a ranging pan-tilt module composed of motors, servo motors, and a camera. It achieves precise control of the encoded motors via RS485 communication and CRC-16/MODBUS verification, while utilizing YOLO V5 for real-time target detection. The ranging data and angle information are exchanged between the STM32 and the PC, and are virtually simulated in real-time on a UI human-machine interaction page developed in Unity 3D, with auxiliary measurement lines annotated to visually demonstrate the triangular parallax phenomenon. Experiments show that the device offers high automation, strong interactivity, and visual advantages, effectively enhancing the effectiveness of astronomical science education.