基于LIBS技术进行多元素污秽配比定级的检测方法研究

Research on the Detection Method for Multi-Element Contamination Ratio Grading Based on LIBS Technology

摘要: 当前电力行业以等值附盐密度(ESDD)和灰密(NSDD)作为绝缘子表面污秽等级的表征参数，但传统人工污秽配置方法因忽略实际污秽中多元素组成，导致污秽度评估和污闪机制研究存在缺陷。激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术虽具备快速分析污秽元素成分的能力，但现有人工污秽配置方法无法满足LIBS多元素检测需求。为此，本研究提出基于LIBS技术的多元素污秽配比定级检测方法，通过混合氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化镁等可溶性盐与高岭土、硅藻土等不溶物制备人工污秽，并结合等值盐密法与LIBS技术进行验证。实验表明，该方法可通过调控可溶性盐质量精准控制电导率，且LIBS技术能快速识别污秽中的镁、钠、钙、钾等可溶性盐组分及铝、硅等不溶性物质，其检测结果与传统方法一致。该研究为绝缘子污秽等级划分及防污闪策略制定提供了新的多元素检测方案。

Abstract: Currently, the power industry uses equivalent attached salt density (ESDD) and ash density (NSDD) as parameters to characterize the contamination level of insulator surfaces. However, traditional artificial contamination configuration methods ignore the multi-element composition of actual contamination, resulting in deficiencies in contamination assessment and flashover mechanism research. While laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology offers the ability to rapidly analyze contamination elemental composition, existing artificial contamination configuration methods cannot meet the requirements of LIBS multi-element detection. Therefore, this study proposes a LIBS-based multi-element contamination ratio classification method. Artificial contamination is prepared by mixing soluble salts (such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride) with insoluble materials (such as kaolin and diatomaceous earth). The artificial contamination is then validated using the equivalent salt density method and LIBS. Experiments have shown that this method can precisely control conductivity by regulating the mass of soluble salts. LIBS technology can also rapidly identify soluble salt components such as magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium, as well as insoluble substances such as aluminum and silicon, in contamination, with results consistent with those of traditional methods. This research provides a new multi-element detection solution for insulator contamination classification and the development of pollution flashover prevention strategies.