某黄金矿山利用含氰矿浆中铜离子代替因科法硫酸铜做催化剂的工艺研究及工业实践

Process Study and Industrial Application of Replacing Copper Sulfate with Endogenous Copper Ions in the INCO Cyanide Detoxification Process at a Gold Mine

摘要: 某黄金矿山针对传统因科法破氰工艺中药剂消耗高、pH冲突导致处理效率不稳定的问题，提出了利用矿浆中内源性铜离子替代外加硫酸铜作为催化剂的“以废治废”绿色破氰除铜新工艺。通过实验室模拟试验对比了外源与内源铜离子的催化效能及反应动力学，结果表明，当矿浆中内源铜离子浓度占比80%~85%情况下，在矿浆pH 8.0~9.0、充气量稳定等工艺条件下，破氰除铜过程中内源铜离子催化路径与硫酸铜一致，具备良好破氰效果。现场工业试验数据进一步验证了该工艺的可行性，尾矿库外排水中CN⁻与Cu²⁺浓度稳定达标，药剂年成本节省超118万美元。结合尾矿库自然降解机制，进一步强化了工艺的环境友好性，为氰化尾浆的绿色处理提供了技术支撑与实践经验。

Abstract: The conventional INCO process for cyanide destruction is often challenged by excessive reagent consumption and unstable treatment efficiency caused by pH control conflicts. To address these issues, a novel green process was proposed, in which naturally occurring copper ions in the slurry were utilized as catalysts, replacing externally added copper sulfate. Laboratory simulation experiments were conducted to systematically compare the catalytic performance and reaction kinetics of endogenous versus exogenous copper ions. The results indicated that when endogenous copper accounted for 80%~85% of the total copper ions, effective cyanide degradation was achieved under optimized conditions (pH 8.0~9.0 and controlled aeration), following the same catalytic pathway as copper sulfate. Industrial field trials further demonstrated the feasibility of the process: concentrations of CN⁻ and Cu²⁺ in discharged tailings water consistently met regulatory standards, while annual reagent costs were reduced by over USD 1.18 million. Considering the natural attenuation mechanisms in tailings impoundments, the process offers both economic and environmental benefits, providing technical support and practical experience for the green treatment of cyanide-bearing tailings slurry.