基于Pathfinder的地铁站安全疏散模拟与优化研究——以某市某地铁站“三岛式”换乘枢纽为例

Study on Simulation and Optimization of Subway Station Safety Evacuation Based on Pathfinder—Taking the “Three-Island” Transfer Hub of a Certain Subway Station in a Certain City as an Example

摘要: 为提升某市某地铁站“三岛式”换乘枢纽地铁站的安全疏散能力，本文以该站为研究对象，利用Pathfinder软件构建全尺寸疏散模型，采用Steering模式模拟满负荷状态下的人员疏散过程。研究中考虑了不同年龄、性别、步速的疏散人群特性，结合车站实际客流数据计算疏散人数，并通过仿真分析安全疏散时间、识别疏散瓶颈。结果显示，该站总疏散时间为578.3秒，站台层疏散时间294秒，满足安全标准，但存在2号线站台楼梯口拥堵、站厅层闸机附近人流交叉等瓶颈问题。针对这些问题，提出设置动态标识引导分流、增设应急出口、分时段控制闸机开放等优化策略，有效缩短了疏散时间。研究成果为“三岛式”地铁换乘枢纽的疏散设计与应急管理提供了参考。

Abstract: To enhance the safety evacuation capacity of the “three-island” transfer hub at a metro station in a certain city, this study takes the station as the research object, constructs a full-scale evacuation model using Pathfinder software, and employs the Steering mode to simulate the crowd evacuation process under full-load conditions. In the research, the characteristics of evacuees, including different ages, genders, and walking speeds, are considered. The number of evacuees is calculated by integrating the station’s actual passenger flow data, while safety evacuation time is analyzed through simulation to identify evacuation bottlenecks. The results indicate that the total evacuation time of the station is 578.3 seconds, with the platform layer evacuation time being 294 seconds, both meeting the safety standards. However, there exist bottleneck issues such as congestion at the staircase entrance of the Line 2 platform and pedestrian flow conflicts near the turnstiles on the concourse level. To address these problems, optimization strategies are proposed, including setting up dynamic signs for guidance and diversion, adding emergency exits, and controlling the opening of turnstiles in different time periods, which effectively reduce the evacuation time. The research findings provide a reference for the evacuation design and emergency management of “three-island” metro transfer hubs.