细菌GBF01分解中药渣木质素的实验初探

Preliminary Exploration of Bacterial GBF01 in Decomposing Lignin from Traditional Chinese Medicine Residue

摘要: 木质素是仅次于植物纤维素的可再生资源，也是中药渣最常见的成分之一。通过筛选，从土壤中获得一株对中药渣木质素具有广泛降解作用的细菌(GBF01)，鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。发酵12天后，GBF01对15种不同中药渣木质素的降解率在30%~68%之间，显著优于其它测试菌株。在模拟中药厂混合药渣的降解实验中，GBF01在有氧条件下展现出更强的降解效果。LC-MS分析证实，GBF01能够降解木质素并产生新的降解产物，但其具体的降解机制有待进一步研究。本研究首次报道了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有降解木质素的功能，为利用微生物高效、绿色地处理中药渣，实现木质素资源的精细化利用提供了新的菌种资源和理论依据。

Abstract: Lignin is the second most abundant renewable resource after plant cellulose and is also one of the most common components in traditional Chinese medicine residue. Through screening, a bacterium (GBF01) with broad lignin-degrading activity against traditional Chinese medicine residue was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus velezensis. After 12 days of fermentation, the lignin degradation rate of GBF01 ranged from 30% to 68% for 15 different types of traditional Chinese medicine residue lignin, significantly outperforming other tested strains. In degradation experiments simulating mixed residue from traditional Chinese medicine factories, GBF01 demonstrated stronger degradation effects under aerobic conditions. LC-MS analysis confirmed that GBF01 can degrade lignin and produce new degradation products, but its specific degradation mechanism requires further investigation. This study is the first to report that Bacillus velezensis possesses lignin-degrading capabilities, providing new bacterial resources and a theoretical basis for the efficient and green treatment of traditional Chinese medicine residue using microorganisms, thereby enabling the refined utilization of lignin resources.