基于转录组学分析溺死诊断标志物及其病理机制研究

Analysis of the Diagnostic Markers and Study on the Pathological Mechanism of Drowning Based on Transcriptomics

摘要: 目的：通过转录组测序技术，系统研究新西兰大白兔溺死模型的基因表达特征，并进行相关基因的富集分析，揭示其核心病理通路。方法：将8只新西兰大白兔随机分为生前入水组(DR组2只)、生前入水后浸泡4小时组(DR-4 h组2只)、死后入水组(NDR组2只)、死后入水浸泡4小时组(NDR-4 h组2只)，实验结束后解剖并收集实验样本，进行转录组测序。上海欧易生物医学科技有限公司(Shanghai, China)负责实验结果和数据分析。结果：转录组测序结果显示溺死显著改变兔肺组织的基因表达，其中差异表达基因共有679个，表达上调的基因469个，表达下调基因210个。GO富集分析显示上调基因主要富集于炎症反应和凝血与内皮损伤，下调基因主要富集于线粒体功能障碍，KEGG通路富集进一步验证淡水溺死过程是由炎症驱动的病理特征。结论：溺死过程显著影响了兔肺组织的基因表达，揭示了淡水溺死的基因变化和分子特征，其病理进程由炎症驱动、凝血失衡、能量衰竭三大机制主导。

Abstract: Objective: To systematically study the gene expression characteristics of the drowning model of New Zealand white rabbits through transcriptome sequencing technology, and conduct enrichment analysis of related genes to reveal its core pathological pathways. Methods: Eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the pre-life water intake group (2 rabbits in the DR Group), the pre-life water intake and 4-hour soaking group (2 rabbits in the DR-4 h group), the post-death water intake group (2 rabbits in the NDR group), and the post-death water immersion and 4-hour soaking group (2 rabbits in the NDR-4 h group). After the experiment, the animals were dissected and experimental samples were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Shanghai Ouyi Biomedical Technology Co., LTD. (Shanghai, China) is responsible for the experimental results and data analysis. Results: The transcriptome sequencing results showed that drowning significantly changed the gene expression of rabbit lung tissue. Among them, there were a total of 679 differentially expressed genes, 469 genes with upregulated expression, and 210 genes with downregulated expression. GO enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated genes were mainly enriched in inflammatory response and coagulation and endothelial injury, while the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in mitochondrial dysfunction. The enrichment of the KEGG pathway further verified that the freshwater drowning process was a pathological feature driven by inflammation. Conclusion: The drowning process significantly affects the gene expression of rabbit lung tissue, revealing the genetic changes and molecular characteristics of freshwater drowning. Its pathological process is dominated by three major mechanisms: inflammation-driven, coagulation imbalance, and energy exhaustion.