电商平台“砍单”行为司法实证研究

An Empirical Judicial Study on “Kan Dan” Cancellation by E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 随着电子商务的广泛普及，电商平台“砍单”行为频发，引发消费者与商家间的法律纠纷。司法实践中，该行为的法律定性主要围绕合同成立时间、格式条款效力、撤销权行使及平台是否为合同相对方展开。由于《电子商务法》与《民法典》在规范内容上存在差异，裁判实践呈现出较大分歧。在部分案件中，法院依据消费者提交订单并支付价款的行为，认定合同已成立，否定“砍单”条款的效力；另有裁判则认可平台规则中有关“砍单”行为的格式条款；平台责任的认定因其参与交易的深度存在差异。针对上述问题，亟需统一裁判规则，明确格式条款效力标准与平台责任边界，并通过技术手段提升证据保全与纠纷处理效率，以实现消费者权益与商家经营自主性的平衡。

Abstract: With the rapid growth of e-commerce, the frequent occurrence of unilateral order cancellations—commonly known as “kan dan”—has triggered legal disputes between consumers and merchants. In judicial practice, key issues include the time of contract formation, the validity of standard terms, the exercise of rescission rights, and whether the platform is a contracting party. Due to discrepancies between the E-commerce Law and the Civil Code, court rulings vary significantly. Some courts consider the contract formed once the consumer submits the order and makes payment, thus rejecting clauses allowing kan dan. Others uphold such standard terms in platform rules. Platform liability also differs depending on the degree of its involvement in the transaction. To address these inconsistencies, it is necessary to unify adjudication standards, clarify the validity of standard terms, define the scope of platform liability, and adopt technological tools to improve evidence preservation and dispute resolution—ultimately balancing consumer protection with business autonomy.