电子商务平台虚拟劳动剥削探究——基于马克思劳动价值论

Exploration of Virtual Labor Exploitation on E-Commerce Platforms—Based on Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

摘要: 在平台经济高速发展的背景下，电子商务平台通过数据化、算法化手段重构了劳动过程，催生出以“虚拟劳动”为核心的新型剥削形态。本文基于马克思劳动价值论，揭示电商平台上用户行为数据生产、内容创作、情感互动等虚拟劳动的价值创造机制及其剥削本质。电商时代的快速发展使得资本的运行方式和剥削形式在悄然发生着变化，呈现出隐蔽性和复杂性的新特点。马克思劳动价值论作为剖析资本主义经济本质的经典理论，对于剖析电商时代的虚拟劳动剥削依然具有说服力，本文运用马克思劳动价值论对电商平台的资本逻辑进行探究，通过阐述劳动价值论与数字劳动的关联，揭示电商平台资本对于虚拟劳动的剥削在数据价值创造、商品形式以及数字劳动占有等方面呈现的新特征，有助于深刻理解数字经济背后的经济关系和社会矛盾，为理解当代经济关系提供理论依据，从而为推动数字经济健康发展提供思路。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of rapid development of the platform economy, e-commerce platforms have reconstructed the labor process through data-driven and algorithmic means, giving rise to a new form of exploitation centered around “virtual labor”. This article is based on Marx’s labor theory of value, revealing the value creation mechanism and exploitative nature of virtual labor such as user behavior data production, content creation, and emotional interaction on e-commerce platforms. The rapid development of the e-commerce era has quietly changed the way capital operates and forms of exploitation, presenting new characteristics of concealment and complexity. Marx’s labor theory of value, as a classic theory for analyzing the essence of capitalist economy, still has persuasive power for analyzing the exploitation of virtual labor in the e-commerce era. This article uses Marx's labor theory of value to explore the capital logic of e-commerce platforms. By elaborating on the relationship between labor theory of value and digital labor, it reveals the new characteristics of the exploitation of virtual labor by e-commerce platform capital in terms of data value creation, commodity form, and digital labor possession. This helps to deeply understand the economic relations and social contradictions behind the digital economy, provides theoretical basis for understanding contemporary economic relations, and provides ideas for promoting the healthy development of the digital economy.