数字经济时代中小企业转型发展困境及路径研究

Research on the Difficulties and Paths of Transformation and Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Digital Economy Era

摘要: 在数字技术带来机遇与变革的背景下，市场规则因消费者行为变化和大企业竞争优势重构而改变，迫使中小企业加速数字化转型，但转型面临三重困境：对数字化转型认知不深、缺乏系统规划，实践呈碎片化；专业数字化转型人才短缺，高校专业设置与企业需求错位，且未形成内部培训体系；发展资金支持不足，融资渠道单一，投资回报周期较长。对此，需从三方面解决：企业应明确自身数字化转型路径，提升数据驱动决策和技术赋能业务能力；借助“产教融合 + 内部培养”机制，发挥企业、政府和高校联动作用，使课程设计贴合企业实际需求，以突破人才瓶颈；扩大资金获取渠道，建立资金系统化管理体系，利用政策扶持和供应链金融降低融资成本。这些可为中小企业数字化转型提供指导，而中小企业在当前环境下突破发展困境也需不断改革创新。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of opportunities and changes brought by digital technology, market rules have been altered due to changes in consumer behavior and the reconfiguration of competitive advantages of large enterprises, compelling small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to accelerate their digital transformation. However, this transformation is confronted with three major predicaments: a shallow understanding of digital transformation, lack of systematic planning, and fragmented practices; a shortage of professional digital transformation talents, with a mismatch between university major settings and enterprise demands, and no internal training system established; insufficient development funds, single financing channels, and a long investment return cycle. To address these issues, three aspects need to be tackled: enterprises should clarify their digital transformation paths and enhance their capabilities in data-driven decision-making and technology-enabled business operations; leverage the “industry-education integration + internal training” mechanism to play the joint role of enterprises, governments, and universities, making course designs align with the actual needs of enterprises to break through the talent bottleneck; expand the channels for obtaining funds, establish a systematic fund management system, and utilize policy support and supply chain finance to reduce financing costs. These measures can provide guidance for the digital transformation of SMEs, and SMEs need to continuously innovate and reform to break through development predicaments in the current environment.