日本延迟退休制度的实践经验对我国的启示

Implications of Japan’s Practical Experience in Delayed Retirement System for China

摘要: 在全球人口老龄化加速的背景下，延迟退休成为各国应对养老压力的重要政策选择。日本作为老龄化程度高且较早实施延迟退休制度的国家，其实践经验对我国具有重要参考价值。本文通过深入剖析日本延迟退休制度的发展历程、实施成效与面临的挑战，结合中日两国在老年抚养比、养老金替代率等关键指标的数据对比，批判性审视日本模式，进而为我国延迟退休制度的完善及养老体系建设提出具体化、情境化的政策建议，明确研究在分析日本“就业配套政策”与“延迟退休主政策”协同机制方面的独特贡献，以期为我国应对人口老龄化提供更具针对性的决策依据。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of accelerating global population aging, delaying retirement has become an important policy option for countries to address pension pressures. As a country with a high degree of aging and one of the earliest to implement a delayed retirement system, Japan’ practical experience holds significant reference value for China. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the development process, implementation outcomes, and challenges faced by Japan’ delayed retirement system. By comparing key indicators such as the elderly dependency ratio and pension replacement rate between China and Japan, it critically examines the Japanese model. The study aims to provide specific, context-sensitive policy recommendations for improving China’ delayed retirement system and pension system, with a focus on the unique contributions of the synergistic mechanism between “employment support policies” and the “delayed retirement main policy” in analyzing Japan’s the synergistic mechanisms, aiming to provide more targeted decision-making references for China in addressing population aging.