基于语料库的《孔乙己》译者风格对比分析

A Corpus-Based Comparative Analysis of Translators’ Styles in the Translation of Kong Yiji

摘要: 《孔乙己》是鲁迅先生所著的一篇短篇小说，于1919年4月首次发表于《新青年》，后编入小说集《呐喊》中。《晨报副刊》称赞其：“能于寥寥数页之中，将社会对于苦人的冷淡，不慌不忙地描写出来，讽刺又不很显露，有大家的作风。”自1926年来，鲁迅先生的小说不断被推出各种译本，其中比较著名的有1936年埃德加·斯诺和姚克合译的英译本，1956年杨宪益戴乃迭夫妇的英译本，1990年美国著名的鲁迅研究专家威廉·莱尔的英译本以及2009年英国汉学家蓝诗玲的英译本。这几个版本的出版时间不尽相同，译者的身份、背景也大相径庭，所以翻译的风格也会有所不同。目前学术界对于《孔乙己》自身学术价值的研究比较充足，但其多关注于威廉·莱尔与杨宪益版本之间的对比分析，缺少不同译本译者风格对比的研究。本文自建语料库，选取了杨宪益戴乃迭夫妇，威廉·莱尔以及蓝诗玲三个英译本，利用AntConc和WordSmith软件，通过定性定量分析以及人工检查的方法，从词汇、句法和语篇层面对《孔乙己》的三个译本的译者风格进行对比分析，旨在推动《孔乙己》翻译的研究。

Abstract: Kong Yiji is a short story written by Lu Xun, first published in April 1919 in LA JEUNESSE and later included in the short story collection Scream. Morning Post Supplement praised it as: “In just a few pages, it calmly depicts society’s indifference toward the suffering, with satire that is not overtly sharp, displaying the style of a master.” Since 1926, Lu Xun’s works have been continuously translated into various languages, with several notable English translations, including the 1936 version co-translated by Edgar Snow and Yao Ke, the 1956 version by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang, the 1990 version by the renowned American Lu Xun scholar William Lyell, and the 2009 version by British sinologist Julia Lovell. The publication dates of these versions vary, and the translators’ identities and backgrounds differ significantly, leading to distinct translation styles. Currently, academic research on the scholarly value of Kong Yiji is relatively extensive, yet it predominantly focuses on comparative analyses between the William Lyell and Yang Xianyi translations. There remains a notable gap in studies examining the stylistic differences among various translators. To address this, the study constructs a specialized corpus, selecting three English translations of Kong Yiji—those by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang, William Lyell, and Julia Lovell. Utilizing corpus analysis tools such as AntConc and WordSmith, this research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis with manual verification. The study conducts a comparative investigation into the translators’ stylistic features across lexical, syntactic, and discoursal levels, aiming to advance scholarly understanding of Kong Yiji translations.