中日同形词“迷惑”与「迷惑」的对比研究

A Comparative Study of the Sino-Japanese Homographs “迷惑” and 「迷惑」

摘要: 中日两种语言中存在大量字形相同的“同形词”，这些词汇形式一致，然而在语义与语用层面往往存在显著差异。本文以“迷惑”为研究对象，参照日本文化厅提出的同形词分类体系，结合中日权威辞书释义与语料库实例，从词义构成、词性与语法功能、搭配习惯、情感倾向及翻译策略五个维度，对汉语“迷惑”与日语「迷惑」进行了系统分析。研究揭示了两者在社会交往语境中的显著差异，进而探讨了此类差异对翻译实践的启示价值。

Abstract: Chinese and Japanese share a significant number of homographs (dōkeigo in Japanese), which are words identical in written form. These words, however, often function as “false friends”, exhibiting substantial differences in their semantic and pragmatic dimensions. This paper presents a case study of the word “迷惑”. Drawing upon the classification framework for Sino-Japanese homographs by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs, this study conducts a systematic analysis of the Chinese “迷惑” (míhuò) and the Japanese 「迷惑」 (meiwaku). Based on authoritative dictionary definitions and corpus data, the analysis unfolds across five dimensions: semantic composition, part-of-speech and grammatical functions, collocational patterns, affective connotations, and translation strategies. The findings reveal critical divergences in their pragmatic use, especially within social contexts, thereby offering valuable insights for translation practice.