哺乳动物的寒冷适应机制研究进展:从生理调节到基因组学的跨尺度整合
Advances in the Study of Cold Adaptation Mechanisms in Mammals: Cross-Scale Integration from Physiological Regulation to Genomics
DOI: 10.12677/bp.2025.153028, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 李 勇, 郑立雕, 沈雪梅, 王 璐*:乐山师范学院生命科学学院,西南山地濒危鸟类保护四川省高等学校重点实验室,四川 乐山
关键词: 寒冷适应哺乳动物能量代谢基因组学Cold Adaptation Mammals Energy Metabolism Genomics
摘要: 寒冷环境对恒温动物形成严峻的生理与生态挑战,哺乳动物需通过多层次的适应机制以维持体温稳定与保证能量平衡。本文综述了哺乳动物如何适应寒冷气候的研究进展,涵盖生理调节、表型进化、行为调整多个层面的适应方式,归纳了近年基因组学研究揭示的哺乳动物适应寒冷气候关键遗传机制。基于此,对哺乳动物的寒冷适应机制研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期为全面理解哺乳动物寒冷适应的进化逻辑与调控机制提供理论支持。
Abstract: Cold environments pose severe physiological and ecological challenges to homeothermic animals. Mammals must employ multi-level adaptive strategies to maintain thermal homeostasis and ensure energy balance. This review summarizes current research progress on how mammals adapt to cold climates, encompassing physiological regulation, phenotypic evolution, and behavioral adjustments. It also highlights key genetic mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in mammals as revealed by recent advances in genomics. Based on these findings, we discuss future directions for research. These efforts aim to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the evolutionary logic and regulatory mechanisms of cold adaptation in mammals.
文章引用:李勇, 郑立雕, 沈雪梅, 王璐. 哺乳动物的寒冷适应机制研究进展:从生理调节到基因组学的跨尺度整合 [J]. 生物过程, 2025, 15(3): 210-216. https://doi.org/10.12677/bp.2025.153028

参考文献

[1] Clavel, J. and Morlon, H. (2017) Accelerated Body Size Evolution during Cold Climatic Periods in the Cenozoic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 4183-4188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Li, X., Jiang, G., Tian, H., Xu, L., Yan, C., Wang, Z., et al. (2014) Human Impact and Climate Cooling Caused Range Contraction of Large Mammals in China over the Past Two Millennia. Ecography, 38, 74-82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[3] McCain, C.M. (2009) Vertebrate Range Sizes Indicate That Mountains May Be “Higher” in the Tropics. Ecology Letters, 12, 550-560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Tattersall, G.J., Sinclair, B.J., Withers, P.C., Fields, P.A., Seebacher, F., Cooper, C.E. and Maloney, S.K. (2012) Coping with Thermal Challenges: Physiological Adaptations to Environmental Temperatures. Comprehensive Physiology, 2, 2151-2202.
[5] White, T.C.R. (1978) The Importance of a Relative Shortage of Food in Animal Ecology. Oecologia, 33, 71-86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Visser, M.E. and Both, C. (2005) Shifts in Phenology Due to Global Climate Change: The Need for a Yardstick. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 272, 2561-2569. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Harris, T.R., Chapman, C.A. and Monfort, S.L. (2009) Small Folivorous Primate Groups Exhibit Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Food Scarcity. Behavioral Ecology, 21, 46-56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[8] Snaith, T.V. and Chapman, C.A. (2007) Primate Group Size and Interpreting Socioecological Models: Do Folivores Really Play by Different Rules? Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 16, 94-106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[9] Deschner, T., Kratzsch, J. and Hohmann, G. (2008) Urinary C-Peptide as a Method for Monitoring Body Mass Changes in Captive Bonobos (Pan paniscus). Hormones and Behavior, 54, 620-626. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Enari, H. (2013) Snow Tolerance of Japanese Macaques Inhabiting High-Latitude Mountainous Forests of Japan. In: Grow, N.B., Gursky-Doyen, S. and Krzton, A., Eds., High Altitude Primates, Springer, 133-151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[11] Coloma-García, W., Mehaba, N., Such, X., Caja, G. and Salama, A.A.K. (2020) Effects of Cold Exposure on Some Physiological, Productive, and Metabolic Variables in Lactating Dairy Goats. Animals, 10, Article No. 2383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Xiao, R., Liu, J. and Xu, X.Z.S. (2015) Thermosensation and Longevity. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 201, 857-867. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Ferrandiz-Huertas, C., Mathivanan, S., Wolf, C., Devesa, I. and Ferrer-Montiel, A. (2014) Trafficking of ThermoTRP Channels. Membranes, 4, 525-564. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Pertusa, M., Moldenhauer, H., Brauchi, S., Latorre, R., Madrid, R. and Orio, P. (2012) Mutagenesis and Temperature-Sensitive Little Machines. In: Mishra, R., Ed., Mutagenesis, InTech, 221-246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[15] Zhou, W., Yang, S., Li, B., Nie, Y., Luo, A., Huang, G., et al. (2020) Why Wild Giant Pandas Frequently Roll in Horse Manure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 32493-32498. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Thomas, D.W., Blondel, J., Perret, P., Lambrechts, M.M. and Speakman, J.R. (2001) Energetic and Fitness Costs of Mismatching Resource Supply and Demand in Seasonally Breeding Birds. Science, 291, 2598-2600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Nedergaard, J., Golozoubova, V., Matthias, A., Asadi, A., Jacobsson, A. and Cannon, B. (2001) UCP1: The Only Protein Able to Mediate Adaptive Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and Metabolic Inefficiency. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Bioenergetics, 1504, 82-106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Dawkins, M.J.R. and Stevens, J.F. (1966) Fatty Acid Composition of Triglycerides from Adipose Tissue. Nature, 209, 1145-1146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Prentki, M. and Madiraju, S.R.M. (2008) Glycerolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Health and Disease. Endocrine Reviews, 29, 647-676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Cardona, A., Pagani, L., Antao, T., Lawson, D.J., Eichstaedt, C.A., Yngvadottir, B., et al. (2014) Genome-Wide Analysis of Cold Adaptation in Indigenous Siberian Populations. PLOS ONE, 9, e98076. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Yau, W.W. and Yen, P.M. (2020) Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, Article No. 3020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Wang, H. and Lin, M. (1985) Effects of Insulin on Thermoregulatory Responses and Hypothalamic Neuronal Activity. Pharmacology, 30, 86-94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Pääkkönen, T. and Leppäluoto, J. (2002) Cold Exposure and Hormonal Secretion: A Review. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 61, 265-276. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Brown, J.H. and Lee, A.K. (1969) Bergmann’s Rule and Climatic Adaptation in Woodrats (Neotoma). Evolution, 23, Article No. 329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Hart, J.S. (1956) Seasonal Changes in Insulation of the Fur. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 34, 53-57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[26] Scholander, P.F., Hock, R., Walters, V. and Irving, L. (1950) Adaptation to Cold in Arctic and Tropical Mammals and Birds in Relation to Body Temperature, Insulation, and Basal Metabolic Rate. The Biological Bulletin, 99, 259-271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Boyer, B.B. and Barnes, B.M. (1999) Molecular and Metabolic Aspects of Mammalian Hibernation. BioScience, 49, 713-724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[28] Signer, C., Ruf, T. and Arnold, W. (2011) Hypometabolism and Basking: The Strategies of Alpine Ibex to Endure Harsh Over-Wintering Conditions: Hypometabolism and Basking in Alpine ibex. Functional Ecology, 25, 537-547. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[29] Hou, R., Chapman, C.A., Jay, O., Guo, S., Li, B. and Raubenheimer, D. (2020) Cold and Hungry: Combined Effects of Low Temperature and Resource Scarcity on an Edge‐of‐Range Temperate Primate, the Golden Snub‐Nose Monkey. Ecography, 43, 1672-1682. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[30] Zhang, P., Watanabe, K. and Eishi, T. (2007) Habitual Hot‐Spring Bathing by a Group of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Their Natural Habitat. American Journal of Primatology, 69, 1425-1430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Nakayama, Y., Matsuoka, S. and Watanuki, Y. (1999) Feeding Rates and Energy Deficits of Juvenile and Adult Japanese Monkeys in a Cool Temperate Area with Snow Coverage: Feeding Rates of Japanese Monkeys. Ecological Research, 14, 291-301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[32] Tsuji, Y., Kazahari, N., Kitahara, M. and Takatsuki, S. (2007) A More Detailed Seasonal Division of the Energy Balance and the Protein Balance of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Kinkazan Island, Northern Japan. Primates, 49, 157-160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Muroyama, Y., Kanamori, H. and Kitahara, E. (2006) Seasonal Variation and Sex Differences in the Nutritional Status in Two Local Populations of Wild Japanese Macaques. Primates, 47, 355-364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Agetsuma, N. (2000) Influence of Temperature on Energy Intake and Food Selection by Macaques. International Journal of Primatology, 21, 103-111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[35] Grueter, C.C., Li, D., Ren, B., Wei, F., Xiang, Z. and van Schaik, C.P. (2009) Fallback Foods of Temperate‐Living Primates: A Case Study on Snub‐Nosed Monkeys. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140, 700-715. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Liu, X., Stanford, C.B., Yang, J., Yao, H. and Li, Y. (2013) Foods Eaten by the Sichuan Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China, in Relation to Nutritional Chemistry: R. roxellana Diet and Nutritional Chemistry. American Journal of Primatology, 75, 860-871. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Lynch, V.J., Bedoya-Reina, O.C., Ratan, A., Sulak, M., Drautz-Moses, D.I., Perry, G.H., et al. (2015) Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic. Cell Reports, 12, 217-228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Liu, S., Lorenzen, E.D., Fumagalli, M., Li, B., Harris, K., Xiong, Z., et al. (2014) Population Genomics Reveal Recent Speciation and Rapid Evolutionary Adaptation in Polar Bears. Cell, 157, 785-794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Lin, Z., Chen, L., Chen, X., Zhong, Y., Yang, Y., Xia, W., et al. (2019) Biological Adaptations in the Arctic Cervid, the Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Science, 364, eaav6312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Bai, L., Liu, B., Ji, C., Zhao, S., Liu, S., Wang, R., et al. (2019) Hypoxic and Cold Adaptation Insights from the Himalayan Marmot Genome. iScience, 11, 519-530. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]