从语法音变看能性“V得/不C”的句法生成

A Syntactic Analysis of Potential Structures “V De/Bu C” from the Perspective of Grammatical Phonetic Modification

摘要: 文章从语法音变的视角出发，发现表示实现意义的“V得/不C”在语法化出能性意义的同时，其内部的语法结构关系也发生了改变，即“得/不”发生语法音变，“得”从词缀变成附缀，“不”则从副词变成附缀。“得/不”的语法音变证实，在句法制图模式下“V得/不C”可以句法还原分析为能性情态/否定能性情态短语等句法投射。此外，因为“得/不”的语法音变产生于“V得/不C”的结构内部，属于结构内部的语法关系调整，而且“得/不”的语序也一直处于V和C之间。所以“得/不”作为功能核心在“V得/不C”内部形成句法投射的同时，还要在逻辑层面上发生提升，从而实现能性特征的解读。

Abstract: From the perspective of grammatical phonetic modification, this paper finds that, when potential modalities emerge on “V de/bu C”, grammatical phonetic modifications also happen on “de/bu”, in which “de” changes from an affix to a clitic, and “bu” changes from an adverb to a clitic. This verifies that “V de/bu C” could be analyzed as such syntactic projections as potential modality or negative potential modality phrases. Furthermore, because potential modalities occur inside “V de/bu C”, which belong to inner adjustments of grammatical structures, and the word orders of “de/bu” remain unchanged between V and C. Therefore, while “de/bu” generate syntactic projections within “V de/bu C”, they also need to be elevated in logical form to meet their modality interpretations.