电商缓解农产品级差地租效应的路径探索——基于马克思流通理论研究

Exploration of the Path of E-Commerce to Alleviate the Effect of Agricultural Product Grade Difference and Land Rent—Based on Marx’s Circulation Theory

摘要: 本研究旨在探索电子商务作为一种市场化工具，在缓解由地理区位差异引发的农产品级差地租效应方面的实现路径与作用机制。农产品流通中的级差地租效应是制约农业增效与农民增收的核心问题，表现为因地理区位差异导致的系统性价值分化。本文基于马克思流通理论中“缩短流通时间创造价值”的基本原理，结合中国农产品电商发展实践，系统分析电子商务对缓解级差地租效应的四重作用机制。研究表明：传统流通体系因信息不对称、流通链条冗长、品牌认知薄弱及产销匹配失衡等问题，导致边远地区农产品价值被持续压制；而电商平台通过构建全国性需求信息池、发展智能产地仓模式、打造虚拟地理品牌、实施大数据精准匹配等路径，有效降低了交易成本，压缩了流通环节，重塑了品牌溢价并优化了生产决策。

Abstract: This study aims to explore the realization path and mechanism of e-commerce as a market-oriented tool in alleviating the effect of agricultural product grade difference caused by geographical location differences. The graded land rent effect in the circulation of agricultural products is the core problem restricting agricultural efficiency and farmers’ income, which is manifested in the systematic value differentiation caused by geographical location differences. Based on the basic principle of “shortening circulation time to create value” in Marx’s circulation theory, combined with the development practice of agricultural e-commerce in China, this paper systematically analyzes the quadruple mechanism of e-commerce on alleviating the effect of graded land rent. The results show that the traditional circulation system has continuously suppressed the value of agricultural products in remote areas due to problems such as information asymmetry, long circulation chain, weak brand awareness and imbalance in production and marketing matching. By building a national demand information pool, developing an intelligent origin warehouse model, building a virtual geographic brand, and implementing big data accurate matching, the e-commerce platform has effectively reduced transaction costs, compressed circulation links, reshaped brand premiums, and optimized production decisions.