老年病科住院患者发生跌倒的原因分析及护理对策

Analysis of the Causes of Falls among Hospitalized Geriatric Patients and Nursing Strategies

摘要: 本文通过探讨老年病科住院患者跌倒的原因并提出针对性的护理对策，旨在为降低老年住院患者的跌倒发生率提供参考。回顾性分析联勤保障部队第九二三医院老年病科2020年1月至2023年1月收治的意外跌倒老年患者的临床资料，从多维度总结跌倒原因，并制定相应的护理对策。结果显示，老年住院患者跌倒的原因涉及4类：患者自身因素(年龄增长、药物不良反应、尿频、心理因素等)、环境因素(环境不熟悉、地面湿滑、照明不足等)、陪护因素(无陪护、陪护能力不足等)、护士因素(风险评估不足、宣教不到位等)。通过实施风险评估、环境改善、用药指导、陪护培训、宣教优化等针对性的护理对策，可显著降低老年患者的跌倒发生率。研究发现，老年住院患者跌倒是多因素共同作用的结果，基于原因分析的针对性护理干预可有效降低跌倒风险，保障患者安全，提升护理质量。

Abstract: By exploring the causes of falls among hospitalized geriatric patients and proposing targeted nursing strategies, this study aims to provide references for reducing the incidence of falls among elderly patients during hospitalization. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of elderly patients who experienced accidental falls and were admitted to the Geriatric Department of the 923rd Hospital of the Logistics Support Force from January 2020 to January 2023. The causes of falls were summarized from multiple dimensions, and corresponding nursing strategies were developed. Results showed that the causes of falls among elderly hospitalized patients were categorized into four types: patient-related factors (age-related changes, adverse drug reactions, frequent urination, psychological factors, etc.), environmental factors (unfamiliar surroundings, slippery floors, inadequate lighting, etc.), caregiver-related factors (lack of caregivers, insufficient caregiver capabilities, etc.), and nursing-related factors (inadequate risk assessment, insufficient patient education, etc.). By implementing targeted nursing interventions such as risk assessment, environmental improvements, medication guidance, caregiver training, and optimized education, the incidence of falls among elderly patients can be significantly reduced. The study found that falls among elderly hospitalized patients result from the combined effects of multiple factors. Targeted nursing interventions based on cause analysis can effectively reduce fall risks, ensure patient safety, and improve nursing quality.