饮食护理在糖尿病患者综合治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Dietary Nursing in Comprehensive Treatment of Diabetic Patients

摘要: 糖尿病是一种以慢性高血糖为特征，由遗传和环境要素引起的代谢性疾病。胰岛素分泌和(或)作用缺乏会导致代谢紊乱，如碳水化合物，蛋白质，脂肪，水和电解质。糖尿病主要临床表现为多饮、多食、多尿、消瘦及不同水平的酮症酸中毒，严重时甚至会危及患者的生命。因而，糖尿病已成为威胁人类健康的头等杀手，目前，针对糖尿病的治愈，有效的治疗措施是对患者采取综合治疗。饮食治疗是糖尿病医治中最根本的方法，贯穿于糖尿病的医治与管制全程，合理的饮食可以减轻胰岛素的负担和重量，管制血糖和血脂，预防急、慢性并发症的发生，达到治疗的目标。

Abstract: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and caused by genetic and environmental factors. Lack of insulin secretion and/or action can lead to metabolic disorders such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water and electrolytes. The main clinical manifestations of diabetes are polydipsia, polyophagia, polyuria, emaciation and ketoacidosis at different levels. Severe cases can endanger the patient’s life. Therefore, diabetes has become a top killer threatening human health. At present, there is no cure for diabetes, and the effective treatment is comprehensive treatment. Dietary therapy is the most fundamental method in diabetes treatment and runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment and control. Reasonable diet can reduce the burden and weight of insulin, control blood glucose and lipids, prevent acute and chronic complications, and achieve the goal of treatment.