高瞻课程对我国学前教育实践的启示

Implications of the HighScope Curriculum for Preschool Education Practice in China

摘要: 在全球化教育变革背景下，学前教育日益重视儿童主体性发展。我国《3~6岁儿童学习与发展指南》中强调儿童的自主探索与学习，并且教师需要为儿童提供探索的材料。但实践层面仍存在教师主导式教学、预设性环境局限及技能导向评价等现象，这些现象对于我国学前教育的发展来说既是机遇又是挑战。高瞻课程(HighScope)以“主动学习”为核心理念，通过结构化流程“计划–工作–回顾”循环赋能儿童自主探索，对全球学前教育改革具有深远影响，其核心理念与我国政策导向高度契合。本研究通过解析高瞻课程的核心环节及特点，结合我国学前教育实践现状，力图从中得到些许启示，从而助力我国学前教育在全球化浪潮中实现本土化发展，切实保障学前儿童的主动学习权利与全面发展需求。

Abstract: In the context of global educational change, preschool education pays more and more attention to children’s subjective development. our country’s “Guidelines for the Learning and Development of Children Aged 3~6” also emphasizes children’s independent exploration and learning, and teachers need to provide children with materials for exploration, but there are still teacher-led teaching, preset environmental limitations and skill-oriented evaluation at the practical level, which are both opportunities and challenges for the development of preschool education in our country. HighScope takes “active learning” as the core concept and empowers children to explore independently through the structured process of “planning-work-review”, which has a profound impact on the global preschool education reform, and its core concept is highly consistent with our country’s policy orientation. By analyzing the core links and characteristics of the Gaozhan curriculum, combined with the current situation of preschool education practice in our country, this study tries to get some enlightenment from it, so as to help our country’s preschool education achieve localized development in the wave of globalization and effectively protect the active learning rights and all-round development needs of preschool children.