基本养老保险公平性的现实审视与路径完善

Practical Review and Path Improvement of the Fairness of Basic Pension Insurance

摘要: 基本养老保险公平性是社会保障体系建设的核心议题，也是保障公民老年基本生活、促进社会公平正义的重要基础。本文以基本养老保险公平性为研究对象，首先，从理论层面阐释基本养老保险公平性的逻辑内涵，为后续研究奠定理论基础；其次，聚焦现行制度实践，系统剖析当前基本养老保险在参保机会、参保过程与参保结果三方面存在的公平性问题，揭示制度运行中导致公平性不足的关键问题；最后，针对上述问题，从明确制度定位、提高经办水平、缩小给付差距、推广第三支柱养老保险四个维度，提出提升基本养老保险公平性的实践路径。研究旨在为优化基本养老保险制度设计、增强制度公平性与可持续性提供参考，助力构建更加公平统一的社会保障体系。

Abstract: The fairness of basic pension insurance is a core issue in the construction of the social security system, and also an important foundation for safeguarding the basic living standards of citizens in their old age and promoting social equity and justice. This paper takes the fairness of basic pension insurance as the research object. Firstly, it explains the logical connotation of the fairness of basic old-age insurance from a theoretical perspective, laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent research. Secondly, focusing on the practice of the current system, it systematically analyzes the fairness issues existing in the current basic pension insurance in three aspects: access to insurance participation, process of insurance participation and outcomes of insurance participation, and reveals the key problems leading to insufficient fairness in the operation of the system. Finally, in response to the above-mentioned problems, practical paths to improve the fairness of basic pension insurance are proposed from four dimensions: clarifying the positioning of the system, improving the level of management and implementation, narrowing the gap in benefits payment, and promoting the third-pillar pension insurance. The study aims to provide references for optimizing the design of the basic pension insurance system, enhancing the fairness and sustainability of the system, and contributing to the construction of a more fair and unified social security system.