扫描电子显微镜实习教学模式探讨与实践

Discussion and Practice on the Instructional Model of SEM Internship

摘要: 随着材料、生物、环境等交叉学科的发展，扫描电子显微镜(SEM)作为关键的微观结构表征工具，在高校实验教学中日益重要。然而，当前电镜实习教学普遍存在理论与实践脱节、内容陈旧、评价机制单一等问题，难以满足当前科研型人才培养需求。本文在分析现行电镜实习教学现状与困境的基础上，提出并构建了“理论–实践融合、模块化推进、任务驱动导向、多维度评价”相结合的教学改革策略。通过在实际教学中的案例实践，验证了该模式在提升学生操作技能、科研思维、分析能力等方面的有效性。研究表明，该教学模式有助于实现从“演示型”向“探索型”、从“技能型”向“科研型”的转变，为高精尖仪器类实验课程改革提供了参考。

Abstract: With the continuous development of interdisciplinary fields such as materials science, biology, and environmental engineering, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has become an essential tool in higher education for microstructural characterization. However, traditional SEM practicum teaching often suffers from a disconnect between theory and practice, outdated content, and a lack of comprehensive evaluation, making it difficult to meet the current needs of cultivating research-oriented talent. This study analyzes the existing challenges of SEM teaching and proposes an instructional reform strategy that integrates theory-practice alignment, modular design, task-driven learning, and multidimensional assessment. Through practical implementation in teaching settings, this approach has proven effective in enhancing students’ operational proficiency, analytical thinking, and scientific literacy. The results demonstrate that the reformed model promotes a shift from “demonstration-based” to “exploration-based” learning and from “skill-oriented” to “research-oriented” training, offering valuable insights for the reform of high-end instrumentation courses in experimental education.