煤矿掘进工作面事故原因分析及预防方法

Analysis of Accident Causes in Coal Mine Tunneling Faces and Corresponding Prevention Measures

摘要: 为使人们深刻地认识到煤矿掘进工作面事故的发生不仅仅是水、火、瓦斯、煤尘自然等自然因素，而更为重要的是人因因素所致，即人的不安全行为。首先收集了近3年掘进工作面事故案例，依据安全法规获得了掘进工作面事故的关键原因，即掘进工作面班组长违章指挥、班组成员违章操作与违章行动是事故发生的关键原因；其次进一步采用事故致因“2-4”模型分析新疆天山机电事故的事故致因链，获得了事故的组织原因、个体原因与事故原因间的作用路径，研究表明掘进工作面的班组安全管理体系不完善是导致作业人员的安全知识不足、安全意识不强、安全习惯不佳的直接原因；最后基于事故致因“2-4”模型动态版构建具有班组文化特征的组织因素与个体因素联动的具有动态特征的综合性干预路径，提出了建立掘进工作面班组安全文化、优化管理体系、提升个体安全能力及智能化设备的改造与升级的动态管理策略，以期提高煤矿工人的安全意识进而促进生产安全和生产效率。

Abstract: To enhance awareness that accidents in coal mine tunneling faces are not solely attributed to natural factors such as water, fire, gas, coal dust, or spontaneous combustion, but more importantly to human factors, specifically unsafe behaviors. Initially, a comprehensive analysis of accident cases from the past three years was conducted, which identified critical causative factors through alignment with safety regulations. The findings revealed that primary accident triggers stemmed from safety regulation violations by team leaders and improper operations by crew members. Subsequently, an in-depth application of the 24Model of Accident Causation to the Xinjiang Tianshanjidian accident elucidated complete causal relationships and established distinct causal pathways. The research demonstrates that deficiencies in team-level safety management systems directly contribute to three critical workforce vulnerabilities: insufficient safety knowledge, weak safety awareness, and poor safety habits among operators. Building on these insights, the study proposes a dynamic prevention framework incorporating four synergistic measures: cultivating team-specific safety culture, optimizing management protocols, enhancing individual safety competencies, and implementing intelligent equipment retrofitting. This integrated approach aims to establish an organizational-individual interaction mechanism with distinctive team cultural characteristics, ultimately improving miners’ safety awareness while concurrently enhancing both production safety and operational efficiency.