生产逻辑与资本逻辑的张力：对《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》与《资本论》的比较研究

The Tension between Production Logic and Capital Logic: A Comparative Study of the Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy and Capital

摘要: 本文以历史唯物主义的生产逻辑和资本逻辑这双重逻辑为理论支点对《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》和《资本论》进行比较研究。《序言》从生产逻辑出发，通过强调物质生产的制约作用揭示了社会发展普遍规律，但存在着被误解为经济决定论的可能。《资本论》对资本逻辑进行了分析，揭示了资本主义社会中资本逻辑既统摄生产逻辑又以其为基础而产生的物质性与社会性、生产力与生产关系、雇佣工人与机器体系的张力。在资本逻辑与生产逻辑的矛盾运动中，无产阶级的革命实践获得历史可能性，从而为超越资本逻辑、实现自由联合体创造了条件。

Abstract: This paper conducts a comparative study of the Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy and Capital by taking the dual logics of historical materialism—namely, the logic of production and the logic of capital—as its theoretical foundation. The Preface proceeds from the logic of production, emphasizing the constraining role of material production in order to reveal the general laws of social development, though it may be misinterpreted as economic determinism. Capital, by contrast, analyzes the logic of capital, exposing the tensions within capitalist society in which the logic of capital both subsumes and rests upon the logic of production, thereby generating contradictions between materiality and sociality, between productive forces and relations of production, and between wage labor and the machinery system. Within the dialectical movement of conflict between the logic of capital and the logic of production, the revolutionary praxis of the proletariat acquires historical possibility, thereby creating the conditions for transcending the logic of capital and realizing a freely associated community.