黑格尔与马克思市民社会理论的辩证分野及其当代启示

The Dialectical Field of Hegel and Marx’s Civil Society Theory and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

摘要: 黑格尔主张“国家决定市民社会”，而马克思则批判地将其观点颠倒过来，认为“市民社会决定国家”。本文在系统梳理二者市民社会理论内涵及其差异的基础上，聚焦于“市民社会”概念在思想史上的演变及其在当代中国的理论回响。通过引入近十年国内外研究前沿，本文力图深化对经典理论的理解。尤为重要的是，本文摒弃宏大叙事，转而以“平台经济下的新型劳动关系”为具体案例，运用比较研究的理论透视，剖析其内在矛盾，探索经典理论对解析当代中国社会治理难题的启示。

Abstract: Hegel advocated that “the state determines civil society,” while Marx critically reversed his viewpoint, believing that “civil society determines the state”. This article systematically sorts out the connotations and differences of civil society theories between them, focusing on the evolution of the concept of “civil society” in the history of thought and its theoretical echoes in contemporary China. By introducing research frontiers at home and abroad over the past decade, this article seeks to deepen our understanding of classical theories. More importantly, this article abandons grand narratives and instead takes “new types of labor relations under the platform economy” as a specific case. Using the theoretical lens of comparative research, it analyzes the internal contradictions and explores the enlightenment of classical theories in interpreting the challenges of contemporary Chinese social governance.