小学生感知的父母锻炼行为的代际传递及链式中介效应

Intergenerational Transmission and Chain Mediating Effect of Primary School Students’ Perceived Parental Exercise Behavior

摘要: 本研究基于代际传递理论和社会认知理论，旨在探讨父母锻炼行为对小学生锻炼行为的影响，并检验小学生的锻炼行为认知与锻炼自我效能感在其中的链式中介作用。研究采用方便整群抽样法，对辽宁省辽阳市476名4~6年级小学生进行问卷调查。研究结果表明：1) 父母和小学生的体育锻炼水平均处于较低水平，但小学生的锻炼认知水平较高，存在“知易行难”的现象。2) 父母的锻炼行为能显著正向预测小学生的锻炼行为。3) 小学生的锻炼行为认知和锻炼自我效能感在父母锻炼行为与自身锻炼行为之间分别起到了独立中介作用和链式中介作用。4) 母亲锻炼行为的直接影响效应比父亲更为显著。研究结论认为，父母的锻炼行为通过直接示范和“认知–效能”双路径促进子女的锻炼，并建议家庭、学校、社会协同构建干预模式，以弥合认知与行为的脱节。

Abstract: Objective: Based on the Intergenerational Transmission Theory and Social Cognitive Theory, this study aims to explore the influence of parents’ exercise behavior on primary school students’ exercise behavior, and to examine the chain mediating role of primary school students’ exercise behavior cognition and exercise self-efficacy in this process. A convenient cluster sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among 476 primary school students in grades 4~6 in Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province. The results of the study showed that: 1) Both parents and primary school students had a relatively low level of physical exercise, while primary school students had a high level of exercise cognition, showing a phenomenon of “knowing is easy but doing is difficult”. 2) Parents’ exercise behavior could significantly and positively predict primary school students’ exercise behavior. 3) Primary school students’ exercise behavior cognition and exercise self-efficacy played an independent mediating role and a chain mediating role respectively between parents’ exercise behavior and their own exercise behavior. 4) The direct effect of mothers’ exercise behavior was more significant than that of fathers. The conclusion of the study holds that parents’ exercise behavior promotes their children’s exercise through direct demonstration and the dual path of “cognition-efficacy”, and it is suggested that families, schools and society should collaboratively construct an intervention model to bridge the gap between cognition and behavior.