网衣附着物清除技术研究进展综述

Review of Research Progresses on Net Fouling Organism Removal Technology

摘要: 随着全球对优质蛋白需求的持续增长，海洋水产养殖，特别是深远海网箱养殖，已成为保障粮食安全的重要支柱。然而，网衣作为养殖设施的核心部件，其表面不可避免地会附着大量海洋生物，即“生物附着”现象。这种现象严重影响了养殖水环境、设施安全性和养殖经济效益，已成为制约该产业可持续发展的关键瓶颈之一。本文旨在系统梳理和评述截至2025年网衣附着物清除技术的研究现状与进展，对近年来相关研究成果的综合分析，重点探讨了物理清除、化学防污和生物清除三大主流技术路线的原理、优缺点、最新进展及面临的挑战，并对未来技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract: With the continuous increase in global demand for high-quality protein, marine aquaculture, especially deep-sea cage culture, has become an important pillar in ensuring food security. However, the netting, as a core component of the aquaculture facilities, inevitably accumulates a large number of marine organisms on its surface, a phenomenon known as “biofouling.” This phenomenon significantly affects the aquaculture water environment, facility safety, and economic benefits, and has become a key bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the industry. This article aims to systematically review and evaluate the research status and progress of netting fouling removal technologies up to 2025, conduct a comprehensive analysis of recent research findings, and focus on the principles, advantages and disadvantages, latest developments, and challenges of the three main technical approaches—physical removal, chemical anti-fouling, and biological removal—while also discussing the future development trends of these technologies.