欧盟共同农业政策框架下农业生态保护补偿政策对我国的启示

The Implications of the Agricultural Eco-Compensation Policies under the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy Framework for China

摘要: 我国农业生态保护补偿制度已由《生态保护补偿条例》确立了基本框架，然而当前仍面临诸多挑战，比如立法体系不够完善、补偿标准不够精确、资金管理较为分散以及激励机制存在不足等，这些问题限制了该制度在实践中的应用。欧盟共同农业政策历经持续改革，逐渐构建起了一套完善的生态保护补偿政策体系，它借助“交叉遵守”机制强化生态约束，借助“绿色直接支付”实现经济诱导，依托“农村发展计划”协同环境与农业发展目标，这些机制为我国制度的优化提供了关键的政策参考。我国农业生态保护补偿制度应从创新补偿资金机制、健全法律与政策框架、建立差异化且精细化的补偿标准这三个关键方面进行系统完善，推进农业绿色转型以及可持续发展。

Abstract: China’s agricultural eco-compensation system has established a basic framework through the “Eco-Environmental Protection Compensation Ordinance”. However, it still faces multiple challenges, such as an incomplete legislative system, imprecise compensation standards, fragmented fund management, and insufficient incentive mechanisms, all of which hinder its effective implementation. The EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), through ongoing reforms, has developed a comprehensive eco-compensation policy system. It strengthens ecological constraints via the “cross-compliance” mechanism, provides economic incentives through “green direct payments”, and aligns environmental and agricultural development goals under the “Rural Development Program”. These mechanisms offer valuable insights for refining China’s system. To advance agricultural green transformation and sustainable development, China’s agricultural eco-compensation system should be systematically improved in three key aspects: integrating and innovating compensation funding mechanisms, strengthening the legal and policy framework, and establishing differentiated and refined compensation standards.