基于ArcGIS的避难场所规划课程改革与学生实践能力培养
ArcGIS-Driven Course Reform in Emergency Shelter Planning and Fostering Student Practical Skills
摘要: 本文针对传统应急避难场所规划课程重理论轻实践的问题，构建了“理论–技术–应用”三层教学框架。通过将地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)技术与应急技术与管理知识有机结合，设计了8阶段渐进式实践任务，学生可根据用地适宜性、城市总体规划结构及次生灾害影响，划分防灾分区，估算应急避难人口需求，并分析资源分布以确定避难场所选址。该课程设计融合了应急管理理论、GIS应用和灾害响应等内容，建立了包含空间分析能力、规范应用、方案合理性和报告质量的量化评估体系；同时，通过理论教学与实践操作相结合，提升学生在复杂应急环境下的规划能力、创新意识与实践能力，激发学术兴趣，为未来从事应急管理工作奠定基础。
Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of traditional emergency shelter planning courses emphasizing theory over practice by constructing a “Theory-Technology-Application” three-layer teaching framework. By organically integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) technology with emergency technology and management knowledge, an 8-stage progressive practical task module is designed. Through this module, students can delineate disaster prevention zones based on land suitability, urban master planning structure, and secondary disaster impacts; estimate population demand for emergency shelters; and analyze resource distribution to determine shelter locations. This course design integrates emergency management theory, GIS applications, and disaster response content, establishing a quantitative evaluation system that includes spatial analysis skills, regulation application, plan rationality, and report quality. Simultaneously, by combining theoretical instruction with practical operations, it enhances students’ planning capabilities, innovative awareness, and practical skills in complex emergency environments, stimulates academic interest, and lays a foundation for future careers in emergency management.
文章引用：刘姝, 舒才, 黄萧, 向月, 李文杰, 章俊. 基于ArcGIS的避难场所规划课程改革与学生实践能力培养[J]. 教育进展, 2025, 15(9): 922-935. https://doi.org/10.12677/ae.2025.1591757

参考文献

[1] 苏幼坡. 城市灾害避难与避难疏散场所[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2006.
[2] 唐彦东, 曹帅, 于汐, 等. 河北省应急避难场所空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2024, 33(2): 29-36.
[3] 任锐. 拉萨应急避难场所适宜性评价及选址改善研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 拉萨: 西藏大学, 2024.
[4] 郑家军, 熊玮, 范军, 等. 潍坊市奎文区地震应急避难场所分布适宜性评价[J]. 防灾减灾学报, 2025, 41(1): 74-81.
[5] 耿劭卿. 震后恢复阶段短期避难场所选址与物资分配优化[J]. 物流技术, 2025, 44(2): 73-84.
[6] 徐骋, 邵琦. 浙江: 关于推进避灾安置场所建设的若干思考[J]. 中国减灾, 2023(15): 36-37.
[7] 吕伟, 李承旭, 马亚萍. 基于GIS位置分配的城市应急避难场所责任区划分[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 62(6): 1102-1109.
[8] 张小莹, 江惠华, 吕伟, 等. 基于GIS的城市应急避难场所空间区划——以成都市主城区为例[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2024, 20(2): 153-160.
[9] 李旭阳, 王利, 杜鹏. 基于GIS的应急避难场所空间布局及可达性规划[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2023, 13(16): 110-117.
[10] 周锡元, 马东辉, 冯启民, 等. GB50413-2007城市抗震防灾规划标准[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.
[11] 高玉坤, 高玉峰, 周倩, 等. GB/T44013-2024应急避难场所分级及分类[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2024.
[12] Dehnavi Eelagh, M. and Ali Abbaspour, R. (2024) A Location-Allocation Optimization Model for Post-Earthquake Emergency Shelters Using Network-Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. Decision Analytics Journal, 10, Article ID: 100430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] 韩业凡, 吕伟, 周雯楠, 等. 考虑公众选择偏好的应急避难安置双阶段选址-分配模型[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2023, 19(3): 20-26.
[14] 王海飙, 陈海超, 李蕊, 等. 城市应急避难场所管理体系构建与应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(12): 153-159.
[15] 杨蜀光, 余颖, 冉杨, 等. 构建城市生命屏障——《重庆市主城区突发公共事件防灾应急避难场所规划》简析[J]. 城市规划, 2010, 34(7): 92-96.
[16] Bayram, V. and Yaman, H. (2024) A Joint Demand and Supply Management Approach to Large Scale Urban Evacuation Planning: Evacuate or Shelter-in-Place, Staging and Dynamic Resource Allocation. European Journal of Operational Research, 313, 171-191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] 王威, 庄园园, 张略淼, 等. 复合灾害情景下城市应急避难场所优化布局研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2025, 51(4): 375-385.
[18] 苏幼坡, 马东辉, 王志涛, 等. GB51143-2015防灾避难场所设计规范[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2022.
[19] 张孝奎, 高玉峰, 李湖生, 等. GB/T44012-2024应急避难场所术语[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2024.
[20] Chen, W., Zhai, G., Fan, C., Jin, W. and Xie, Y. (2016) A Planning Framework Based on System Theory and GIS for Urban Emergency Shelter System: A Case of Guangzhou, China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 23, 441-456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 

为你推荐