微波裂解中使用的吸波催化剂的研究状况
Research Status of Microwave-Absorbing Catalysts Used in Microwave Pyrolysis
DOI: 10.12677/hjcet.2025.155027, PDF,   
作者: 谢睿燊, 方 卉, 巫丽霞, 王 恒, 张千峰*：安徽工业大学分子工程与应用化学研究所，安徽 马鞍山
关键词: 微波裂解；吸波材料；催化剂；介电损耗；磁损耗；Microwave Pyrolysis； Microwave-Absorbing Materials； Catalysts； Dielectric Loss； Magnetic Loss
摘要: 随着化石能源枯竭和环境问题加剧，微波裂解作为高效生物质转化技术脱颖而出。然而，生物质自身低介电损耗正切导致微波吸收效率不足，引发局部过热和温度失控，亟需高效微波吸收剂介入。本文综述了微波裂解技术中微波吸收剂的核心作用及其能量损耗机制，聚焦于解决生物质原料介电损耗能力弱的瓶颈问题。分析了例如碳基催化剂、陶瓷基催化剂、沸石和金属氧化物等常见的吸波催化剂的吸波性能及其催化能力。简述了目前常用的微波裂解工艺及其工业化应用中常用的配套设备。最后展望了未来需要努力发展的方向，为微波裂解工业化的推广提供理论参考。
Abstract: With the depletion of fossil fuels and intensifying environmental concerns, microwave pyrolysis has emerged as an efficient technology for biomass conversion. However, biomass inherently possesses a low dielectric loss tangent, leading to insufficient microwave absorption efficiency that triggers local overheating and thermal runaway, necessitating the intervention of effective microwave absorbers. The pivotal role of microwave-absorbing agents in microwave pyrolysis technology and their energy dissipation mechanisms, focusing on tackling the bottleneck of weak dielectric loss capacity in biomass feedstock, was summarized in this review paper. The microwave-absorption performance and catalytic capabilities of common microwave-absorbing catalysts such as carbon-based catalysts, ceramic-based catalysts, zeolites, and metal oxides were systemically analyzed and further investigated. Furthermore, the currently employed microwave pyrolysis processes and their auxiliary equipment commonly used in industrial applications was briefly outlined. Finally, the future research directions necessary for advancement along with theoretical insights to promote the industrialization of microwave pyrolysis being provided was also prospected in this review paper.
文章引用：谢睿燊, 方卉, 巫丽霞, 王恒, 张千峰. 微波裂解中使用的吸波催化剂的研究状况[J]. 化学工程与技术, 2025, 15(5): 278-295. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2025.155027

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