上海市某区域复垦耕地质量评价及改良建议

Comprehensive Evaluation and Amelioration Strategies for Reclaimed Cultivated Land Quality in a District of Shanghai

摘要: 土地复垦是实现耕地资源管理和持续利用的重要手段，耕地安全利用对农产品产地保护和食品安全具有重要意义。本文以上海市某区域复垦耕地为研究对象，对复垦土地土壤理化性质、肥力状况及污染状况进行综合评价，并针对性给予土壤改良建议。结果表明，研究区域复垦地块的土壤养分含量较低，总磷和全钾含量严重缺乏，难以满足作物生长发育需求；重金属污染风险较低，基本处于无污染状态，但地块的碱度较高，存在盐渍化风险；各地块的养分含量存在差异，需通过精准测定、配方施肥，调节水肥平衡，改善养分短板，因地制宜优化灌溉方式，预防盐渍化，在提升地力的同时，采用种养结合、使用生物菌剂等方式，差异化防控污染。

Abstract: Land reclamation serves as a critical approach for cultivated land resource management and sustainable utilization, while safe utilization of arable land holds significant implications for protecting agricultural product origins and ensuring food safety. This study focuses on reclaimed cultivated land in a district of Shanghai, conducting a comprehensive evaluation of soil physicochemical properties, fertility status, and contamination levels, with corresponding soil improvement recommendations proposed. The findings demonstrate that the reclaimed plots exhibit insufficient soil nutrient content, with severe deficiencies in total phosphorus and total potassium that fail to meet crop growth and development requirements. Although heavy metal contamination risk remains low, maintaining an essentially pollution-free status, three plots exhibited elevated alkalinity indicating potential salinization hazards. Significant spatial heterogeneity in nutrient distribution across plots necessitates the implementation of precise measurement and formulated fertilization to regulate water-fertilizer equilibrium and address nutrient deficiencies. Region-specific irrigation optimization should be adopted to mitigate salinization risks. Concurrently with soil fertility enhancement, integrated cropping and cultivation practices combined with microbial inoculants application are recommended to establish differentiated pollution prevention strategies. This multipronged approach aims to achieve coordinated improvement of soil productivity and environmental security in reclaimed lands.