电商经济下考虑班期时间的冷链多式联运路径优化

Optimization of Cold-Chain Multimodal Transport Routes Considering Scheduled Departure Times in the Context of E-Commerce Economy

摘要: 在电商经济蓬勃发展的背景下，多式联运冷链物流需求呈爆发式增长，但同时也面临着碳排放制约可持续发展以及运输过程中不确定性因素多等问题。如何在应对不确定需求、时间窗、班期时间等因素的同时，实现运输路径的最优规划与成本的有效控制，成为电商冷链物流行业关注的重点。本文针对电商场景下的冷链多式联运路径优化问题，综合考虑不确定需求、时间窗、班期时间，以最小化运输成本为目标构建优化模型。采用三角模糊数描述电商订单中常见的不确定需求，运用改进遗传算法对模型进行求解。研究结果显示，改进算法对比两种传统遗传算法分别能减少6.93%和5.65%的成本。通过综合分析可知，运输成本随不确定需求置信水平a增大而上升；合理设置收货时间窗有助于优化路径并降低成本；班期间隔时间增加会使总运输成本上升，且运输方式随时间增加更趋向于铁路运输；碳税价格增加会导致总成本上升，运输方式选择也趋向于铁路运输。本研究为电商经济下冷链多式联运的路径优化和成本控制提供了一定参考价值。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the vigorous development of the e-commerce economy, the demand for multimodal transport cold chain logistics has seen explosive growth. However, it also faces problems such as carbon emissions restricting sustainable development and numerous uncertainties during the transportation process. How to achieve the optimal planning of transportation routes and effective cost control while dealing with uncertain demands, time Windows, flight schedules and other factors has become the focus of attention in the e-commerce cold chain logistics industry. This paper focuses on the problem of cold chain multimodal transport route optimization in the e-commerce scenario. By comprehensively considering uncertain demand, time Windows, and flight schedules, an optimization model is constructed with the goal of minimizing transportation costs. Triangular fuzzy numbers are adopted to describe the common uncertain demands in e-commerce orders, and the improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. The research results show that the improved algorithm can reduce costs by 6.93% and 5.65% respectively compared with the two traditional genetic algorithms. Through comprehensive analysis, it can be known that the transportation cost increases with the increase of the confidence level a of uncertain demand. Reasonable setting of the receiving time window helps optimize the path and reduce costs. An increase in the interval between flights will lead to a rise in the total transportation cost, and the mode of transportation tends to be more inclined towards railway transportation as time goes by. The increase in carbon tax prices will lead to a rise in total costs, and the choice of transportation methods will also tend to be railway transportation. This study provides certain reference value for the path optimization and cost control of cold chain multimodal transport in the e-commerce economy.