自动驾驶车辆肇事刑事责任的认定与归责体系完善

The Determination of Criminal Responsibility for Self-Driving Vehicles and the Improvement of the Liability System

摘要: 随着自动驾驶技术的发展，其交通肇事的刑事责任认定成为重要法律问题。本文通过分析自动驾驶肇事刑事责任的认定困境，从生产者、使用者和第三方等维度解析刑事责任划分，并提出“动态归责理论”，即责任权重并非固定不变，应根据自动驾驶层级、事故场景中各主体的实际控制力表现来进行动态调整，更精准地体现“权责随控制力变化而适配”的核心主张，以在保障技术发展与维护公共安全之间寻求平衡。

Abstract: With the development of autonomous driving technology, the determination of criminal responsibility for traffic accidents has become an important legal issue. This article analyzes the dilemma of determining criminal responsibility for autonomous driving accidents, and analyzes the division of criminal responsibility from the dimensions of producers, users, and third parties. It proposes the “dynamic attribution theory”, which means that the weight of responsibility is not fixed and should be dynamically adjusted based on the actual control performance of each subject in the autonomous driving hierarchy and accident scenario, more accurately reflecting the core proposition of “rights and responsibilities adapt to changes in control”, in order to seek a balance between ensuring technological development and maintaining public safety.